Toxigenic Cyanobacteria and Microcystins in a Large Northern Oligotrophic Lake Onego, Russia.

Toxigenic cyanobacteria and microcystins in the oligotrophic pelagic zone and mesotrophic bay of Lake Onego-the second largest lake in Europe-were found for the first time. Microscopic analysis revealed that and dominated in bloom spots in the oligotrophic zone of the lake and and OKin the eutrophic bay. The abundance of cyanobacteria in bloom spots is potentially hazardous for humans and animals.

Assessment of Microplastic Size Range and Ingestion Intensity by Gmelinoides fasciatus Stebbing, an Invasive Species of Lake Onego.

To indicate the potential role of Gmelinoides fasciatus, an invasive species of Lake Onego, in the inclusion of microplastics into food webs, several indicators were evaluated: its ability to ingest microplastics, the preferred size ranges, and the ingestion intensity. For this purpose, irregularly shaped polystyrene copolymer particles (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastics, artificially crushed) of four size classes (<50, 50-100, 100-250, >250 µm) were used. Gmelinoides fasciatus actively ingested microplastic particles, and in treatment with particles of 100-250 µm in size, the consumption rate was the highest.

[True polycythemia: current views of pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment].

Current concepts of true polycythemia are reviewed. Results of numerous epidemiological studies on the prevalence of this form of myeloproliferative neoplasms are presented with special reference to recent findings concerning its pathogenesis and the role of JAK2V617F mutation that occurs in the majority of patients. The clinical picture and new diagnostic criteria are discussed The data on the incidence and prevalence of the disease and its complications are considered including venous and/or arterial thrombosis, transformation into post-polycythemic myelofibrosis and acute myeloleucosis.