Reconciling data actionability and accountability in global health research: The case of SARS-CoV-2.

The requirements for actionability and accountability in data infrastructures are often viewed as incompatible, creating a trade-off where enhancing one diminishes the other. Through a comparative analysis of two data infrastructures used to share genomic data about the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we argue that making data actionable for knowledge development involves a commitment to ensuring that the data in question are representative of the phenomena being studied and accountable to data subjects and users. This in turn presupposes that: (1) enough data are contributed by a wide and diverse set of relevant sources; (2) mechanisms of feedback and inclusion are set up to ensure that data contributors can participate in data governance and interpretation, thereby helping to adequately contextualise data; and (3) accountability extends to the ways in which data infrastructures are run, financed and positioned vis-à-vis the communities they are meant to serve.

Multiplicative versus additive modelling of causal effects using instrumental variables for survival outcomes - a comparison.

Instrumental variables (IVs) methods have recently gained popularity since, under certain assumptions, they may yield consistent causal effect estimators in the presence of unmeasured confounding. Existing simulation studies that evaluate the performance of IV approaches for time-to-event outcomes tend to consider either an additive or a multiplicative data-generating mechanism (DGM) and have been limited to an exponential constant baseline hazard model. In particular, the relative merits of additive versus multiplicative IV models have not been fully explored.

Prevalence of medication overload among older people with HIV: a MedSafer study.

Background: Older people with HIV (PWH) are at risk of polypharmacy (taking multiple medications). Most medications may be necessary and indicated to manage HIV (e.g.

Adolescents' experience with sports-related pain and injury: A systematic review of qualitative research.

Objective: The aim of this review is to synthesise qualitative studies examining adolescents' experience with pain and injury arising from sports participation.

Methods: This review was registered on Open Science Framework prior to data extraction. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and SPORTDiscus was conducted.