Profibrotic monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages are expanded in patients with persistent respiratory symptoms and radiographic abnormalities after COVID-19.

Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages drive lung injury and fibrosis in murine models and are associated with pulmonary fibrosis in humans. Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages have been suggested to develop a phenotype that promotes lung repair as injury resolves. We compared single-cell and cytokine profiling of the alveolar space in a cohort of 35 patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 who had persistent respiratory symptoms and abnormalities on a computed tomography scan of the chest that subsequently improved or progressed.

Does the Colonizing Population Exhibit a Reduced Genetic Diversity and Allele Surfing? A Case Study of the Midday Gerbil ( Pallas) Expanding Its Range.

Colonizing populations at the leading edge of range expansion are expected to have a reduced genetic diversity and strong genetic structure caused by genetic drift and allele surfing. Until now, few studies have found the genetic signatures of allele surfing in expanding wild populations. Using mtDNA markers, we studied the genetic structure of the population of midday gerbils () expanding their range to the west in Kalmykia (southern Russia) following the new cycle of desertification, re-colonizing areas abandoned in the mid-2010s.

Antibiotic De-escalation Patterns and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Suspected Pneumonia as Informed by Bronchoalveolar Lavage Results.

Background: Antibiotic stewardship in critically ill pneumonia patients is crucial yet challenging, partly due to the limited diagnostic yield of noninvasive infectious tests. In this study, we report an antibiotic prescription pattern informed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) results, where clinicians de-escalate antibiotics based on the combination of quantitative cultures and multiplex PCR rapid diagnostic tests.

Methods: We analyzed data from SCRIPT, a single-center prospective cohort study of mechanically ventilated patients who underwent a BAL for suspected pneumonia.

[The use of «growing» endoprostheses in the complex treatment of children with post-resection mandibular defects].

The Aim Of The Study: To develop and implement a comprehensive algorithm for the rehabilitation of patients after partial resection of the mandible using a titanium «growing» endoprosthesis.

Material And Methods: The study included 16 patients aged 2 to 7 years, with benign (6 cases) and malignant (10 cases) tumors of the mandible. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the time of fixation of the endoprosthesis.