Fabrication-aware inverse design with shape optimization for photonic integrated circuits.

Inverse design (ID) is a computational method that systematically explores a design space to find optimal device geometries based on specific performance criteria. In silicon photonics, ID often generates design features that degrade significantly due to the fabrication process, limiting the applicability of these devices in scalable fabrication. We demonstrate a solution to this performance degradation through fabrication-aware inverse design (FAID), integrating lithography models for deep-ultraviolet (DUV) lithography and electron-beam lithography (EBL) into the shape optimization approach of ID.

120 GOPS Photonic tensor core in thin-film lithium niobate for inference and in situ training.

Photonics offers a transformative approach to artificial intelligence (AI) and neuromorphic computing by enabling low-latency, high-speed, and energy-efficient computations. However, conventional photonic tensor cores face significant challenges in constructing large-scale photonic neuromorphic networks. Here, we propose a fully integrated photonic tensor core, consisting of only two thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) modulators, a III-V laser, and a charge-integration photoreceiver.

The breath volatilome is shaped by the gut microbiota.

The gut microbiota is widely implicated in host health and disease, inspiring translational efforts to implement our growing body of knowledge in clinical settings. However, the need to characterize gut microbiota by its genomic content limits the feasibility of rapid, point-of-care diagnostics. The microbiota produces a diverse array of xenobiotic metabolites that disseminate into tissues, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may be excreted in breath.

Mucosal Single-Cell Profiling of Crohn's-Like Disease of the Pouch Reveals Unique Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets.

Background & Aims: The pathophysiology of Crohn's-like disease of the pouch (CDP) in patients with a history of ulcerative colitis (UC) is unknown. We examined mucosal cells from patients with and without CDP using single-cell analyses.

Methods: Endoscopic samples were collected from pouch body and prepouch ileum (pouch/ileum) of 50 patients with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Non-Secretory Multiple Myeloma Associated With High-Risk Phenotype and Complex Cytogenetics Including t(8;22).

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell dyscrasia which is typically characterized by identifiable paraprotein in the blood or urine. However, the minority of patients in whom paraprotein cannot be identified are designated non-secretory MM (NSM). Evaluation of treatment response is more difficult in these patients as paraprotein levels cannot be followed.