Autoimmune encephalitis: recovery, residual symptoms and predictors of long-term sequelae.

Background: Data regarding long-term recovery from autoimmune encephalitis (AE) remain limited.

Methods: This retrospective observational study investigated outcomes in 182 patients who met the 2016 criteria for definite AE. Recovery data were available in 172 patients.

Stiff person spectrum disorder diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and suggested diagnostic criteria.

Background: Stiff person spectrum disorder (SPSD) is heterogeneous, and accurate diagnosis can be challenging.

Methods: Patients referred for diagnosis/suspicion of SPSD at the Mayo Autoimmune Neurology Clinic from July 01, 2016, to June 30, 2021, were retrospectively identified. SPSD diagnosis was defined as clinical SPSD manifestations confirmed by an autoimmune neurologist and seropositivity for high-titer GAD65-IgG (>20.

Autoimmune Encephalitis Criteria in Clinical Practice.

Background And Objectives: To assess the clinical practice applicability of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) criteria (2016).

Methods: Medical records of 538 adults diagnosed with AE or related autoimmune encephalopathy at Mayo Clinic (not including pure movement disorders) were reviewed and AE guideline criteria applied.

Results: Of 538 patients, 288 were male (52%).

Tumefactive Demyelination in MOG Ab-Associated Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and AQP-4-IgG-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Background And Objectives: Studies on tumefactive brain lesions in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (IgG)-associated disease (MOGAD) are lacking. We sought to characterize the frequency clinical, laboratory, and MRI features of these lesions in MOGAD and compare them with those in multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD).

Methods: We retrospectively searched 194 patients with MOGAD and 359 patients with AQP4+NMOSD with clinical/MRI details available from the Mayo Clinic databases and included those with ≥1 tumefactive brain lesion (maximum transverse diameter ≥2 cm) on MRI.

Challenging Myelopathy Cases.

Misdiagnosis of myelopathies is common and can lead to irreversible disability when diagnosis- and disease-specific treatments are delayed. Therefore, quickly determining the etiology of myelopathy is crucial. Clinical evaluation and MRI spine are paramount in establishing the correct diagnosis and subsequently an appropriate treatment plan.