Tracking malathion resistance in Spanish Ceratitis capitata populations: prevalence of resistance alleles/haplotypes before and after the withdrawal of malathion.

Background: Field resistance to malathion was reported for Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, populations collected in Spain in 2004 and 2005, when medfly control mainly relied on malathion bait sprays. The mutation G328A in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene (Ccace2) was then identified as the main resistance mechanism in a field-derived resistant strain. However, outdoor plant protection products containing malathion were withdrawn from the European Union in 2009 and other insecticides gained importance, such as spinosad and pyrethroids, though other organophosphates were occasionally used for medfly control for a few years.

Global Burden of Major Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021.

Background: This study utilised the Global Burden of Disease data (2010-2021) to analyse the rates and trends in point prevalence, annual incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for major chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases.

Methods: Age-standardised rates per 100,000 population for prevalence, annual incidence and YLDs were compared across regions and countries, as well as the socio-demographic index (SDI). Trends were expressed as percentage changes (PC) and estimates were reported with uncertainty intervals (UI).

Depth of Response From Fixed-Duration Treatment Is Associated With Superior Survival in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia.

As the treatment paradigm for Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) continues to evolve, the debate surrounding the prioritization of depth of response versus disease control as therapeutic goals gains significant relevance. However, the impact of depth of response from fixed-duration therapy on overall survival (OS) was unclear. This multicenter study evaluated the prognostic impact of depth of response using a landmark survival analysis.

Simultaneous versus delayed resection of synchronous colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Colorectal cancer is a leading malignancy, with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) presenting in 20 % of patients. Resection remains the gold standard treatment for CRLMs, significantly improving survival outcomes. However, the optimal timing of resection of these synchronous lesions - simultaneous versus staged - remains controversial.

Increasing Accessibility: Effectiveness of a Remote Artificial Intelligence Education Curriculum for International Medical Graduates.

Background: Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine are expanding every year. AI education is crucial to its appropriate use in healthcare; however, most US medical schools lack a dedicated AI curriculum. These resources are sparse for international medical graduates (IMGs).