Characterizing the vestibular control of balance in the intrinsic foot muscles.

Background: To maintain standing balance, vestibular cues are processed and integrated with other sensorimotor signals to produce appropriate motor adjustments. Whole-body vestibular-driven postural responses are context-dependent and transformed based upon head and foot posture. Previous reports indicate the importance of intrinsic foot muscles during standing, but it is unclear how vestibular-driven responses of these muscles are modulated by alterations in stability and head posture.

Modelling the deactivation of Escherichia coli in Nigerian soils amended with differently treated manures.

Aim: This study aimed to simulate deactivation of Escherichia coli in soils amended with cattle manure after burning, anaerobic digestion, composting, or without treatment.

Method And Results: The Weibull survival function was used to describe deactivation of E. coli.

The Use of Interdisciplinary Approaches to Understand the Biology of .

is a bacterial pathogen recognised as a major cause of foodborne illness worldwide. While generally does not grow outside its host, it can survive outside of the host long enough to pose a health concern. This review presents an up-to-date description and evaluation of biological, mathematical, and statistical approaches used to understand the behaviour of this foodborne pathogen and suggests future avenues which can be explored.

Identifying the sources of human campylobacteriosis in Nigeria.

Campylobacter spp. have been shown to be the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Cases of human campylobacteriosis are usually reported as sporadic and not part of an outbreak which makes the identification of the source of infection difficult.

Rates of evolutionary change of resident Escherichia coli O157:H7 differ within the same ecological niche.

Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 is a pathogen known to reside in cattle feedlots. This retrospective study examined 181 STEC O157:H7 strains collected over 23 years from a closed-system feedlot. All strains were subjected to short-read sequencing, with a subset of 36 also subjected to long-read sequencing.