Calibration-Free and Highly Sensitive Potentiometric Enzyme-Based Biosensors.

Enzyme-based amperometric biosensors have become popular for healthcare applications. However, they have been under constant pressure for technological innovation to improve their sensitivity and usability. An ideal biosensor has high sensitivity and calibration-free characteristics.

Operative Procedure of Anterior Commissure for Type II Thyroplasty.

Objective: We reviewed the clinical anatomy of the anterior commissure and examined the effectiveness of a specialized spreader developed for optimal, efficient spreading of the thyroid cartilage in type II thyroplasty.

Study Design And Methods: The present study was a multicenter retrospective study of patients with spasmodic dysphonia who underwent a primary operation either before or after the introduction of a specialized spreader (in 2008 or 2014, respectively). In these patients, we examined the size of the titanium bridge used, the presence of perforation of the mucosa directly superior to the anterior commissure, and postoperative glottic findings.

Outcomes of type II thyroplasty for adductor spasmodic dysphonia: analysis of revision and unsatisfactory cases.

Conclusion: The factors responsible for the observed failures can be broken into two major groups: (1) a wrong indication and (2) an inadequate technique to achieve relief from an excessively tight glottal closure. The use of a titanium bridge in place of a silicone shim was found to be essential. Type II thyroplasty can relieve the symptoms of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD) when implemented with a modern technique using titanium bridges.

Surgical tips for type II thyroplasty for adductor spasmodic dysphonia: modified technique after reviewing unsatisfactory cases.

Conclusion: Use of the titanium bridge, both at the top and bottom corners of the incised thyroid cartilage, is essential for success. Most importantly, these procedures should be done with minimal damage to the tissues involved, using fine instruments.

Objectives: Type II thyroplasty that aims at lateralization of the vocal folds for spasmodic dysphonia is a type of surgery that requires utmost surgical caution, because of the extremely delicate site for surgical intervention, critically sensitive adjustment, and difficult procedures to maintain the incised cartilages in a correct position.

Overall evaluation of effectiveness of type II thyroplasty for adductor spasmodic dysphonia.

Objective/hypothesis: To assess the effectiveness of type II thyroplasty with a titanium bridge in adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD).

Study Design: Retrospective chart review, patient response to a questionnaire on the ease of phonation and voice quality, and pre- and postoperative fiberoptic laryngoscope findings.

Subjects: Forty-one patients who underwent type II thyroplasty with a titanium bridge between December 2002 and December 2005 who have been followed for at least 12 months postoperatively.