[Modern treatment in venous retinal obstruction].

This article is a general view of modern methods of treatment în venous retinal obstruction. In the last years, medical treatment and LASER therapy have been replaced by early surgical approach. The main advantage of the last one is removal the cause of the disease not its effects.

[Internal tamponade in proliferative diabetic retinopathy surgery].

Vitreous hemorrhage has been the most common indication of posterior vitrectomy in diabetic retinopathy. Now, the leader is tractional retinal detachement and many others: rhegmatogenous retinal detachement, fibrovascular proliferations membranes, huge premacular hemorrhage. During vitrectomy procedure it may be necessary internal tamponade using air, expanding gases, silicon oil and/or perfluorocarbon liquids.

[Ophthalmic cysticercosis-case report].

This paper presents a particular case regarding ophthalmic cysticercosis with subretinian localization associated with large subretinian hemorrhage, surgically addressed.

[Age related macular degeneration surgery].

Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a disease in which the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is damaged in the central retinal area. In the exudative form, the vision loss is due to choroidal neovascularization, while in the nonexudative or atrophic form, there is a vision loss because of the retinal pigment epithelium atrophy. Treatment which proved to be efficient in lowering the risk of severe vision loss in the exudative form includes laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, transpupilary thermotherapy and as surgical treatment, the controversial subretinal membrane extraction.

[Difficulties in cataract surgery of patient with old glaucoma].

Cataract surgery of glaucoma patients treated with Pilocarpine several years, with a small and miotic pupil, with synechiae is an important problem of management. The self-retaining flexible iris retractor is a microsurgical innovation that allows adequate enlargement of the pupil without iris incision. Each retractor is inserted through a separate self-sealing beveled incision made as far posteriorly in the cornea as possible.