Five years review of extraction frequencies at S.D.M. College of dental sciences and Hospital in orthodontic department.

Background: To find out the frequency of extraction in general, in Class I, Class II Class III patients, and to compare the frequency of extraction among sex and age.

Material And Methods: 550 cases were selected retrospectively having detailed case history, complete records of facial photographs, lateral cephalogram, orthopantomographs and study models. Frequency of extraction was evaluated separately for class I, class II and class III malocclusion and for sex and ages, using the records collected.

Cadmium treatment induces echinocytosis, DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in cardiac tissue of albino Wistar rats.

Cadmium (Cd), a potent carcinogen present in almost all foods, poses a major health risk to humans. Major routes of exposure to Cd for humans are occupation, diet, and tobacco use. Cd elicits various deleterious effects on cellular molecules mainly by causing oxidant-antioxidant imbalance.

The ameliorating effect of Centella asiatica ethanolic extract on albino rats treated with isoniazid.

Background: Isoniazid, also called isonicotinyl hydrazine (INH), is a commonly used drug for treating tuberculosis. The main drawback is its toxic side effects. Centella asiatica has long been used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine owing to its wide medicinal properties.

Incidence and pattern of mandibular fractures in Rohilkhand region, Uttar Pradesh state, India: A retrospective study.

Aims: To understand and evaluate the significance of various aetiological factors in determining the incidence and dictating the patterns of mandibular fractures in Rohilkhand region.

Methods: The patient records and radiographs for 144 patients treated for mandibular fractures were reviewed between the time periods from January 2012 to December 2013. Data on age, gender, aetiology, use of intoxicants, head injury, associated injuries, days of the week, anatomic site and multiple fractures within the mandible were recorded and assessed.