[Genetic counseling and ultrasonographic prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias in monogenic and chromosomal syndromes].

The paper reports sonographic prenatal diagnosis of monogenic and chromosomal syndromes (congenital malformations) which are associated with skeletal abnormalities: autosomal recessive syndromes (shortribs--polydactyly, type II; dyssegmental dwarfism, type II; Pen-Shokeir disease type I), autosomal dominant syndromes (Larsen's syndrome, achondroplasia, Schmidt's metaphyseal dysplasia of segregating partial chromosome of 7 long-arm trisomy). All cases were detected in the second trimester; diagnosis of chromosomal diseases employed the amniocentesis. In aborted pregnancies, diagnoses were confirmed at autopsy.

[The importance of the pyruvate test for the early detection of diabetes mellitus in a mass examination of the population].

The levels of carbohydrate metabolism were examined in 329 inhabitants of Lvov (age: from 6 to 68 years). Determination of the pyruvate level, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity of the blood on the 120 minute after carbohydrate meal allowed to establish in healthy persons four-modal levels of distribution of the content of pyruvate in the capillary blood. These levels correspond to normal tolerance to glucose, increased glucose tolerance (hyperinsulinism), potential glucose tolerance disorders (diabetic type).

[Obtaining of mutants of Streptomyces fradiae producing tylosin by action of nitrosomethylurea on synchronously germinating spores].

The method of localized mutagenesis was applied to obtain mutants of Streptomyces fradiae producing higher amounts of tylosin. The populations of the germinating spores were subjected to a short-term treatment with nitrosomethylurea during different periods of the first DNA replication cycle. The method reveals defines periods sensitive to mutation induction and isolates a mutant producing a 60% increase in the yield of tylosin as compared to that provided by the stock strain.