Enhanced Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Through Surface Modification with Benzocaine Hydrochloride.

Current development of inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), with nickel oxide as the hole transport layer, is progressing toward lower net costs, higher efficiencies, and superior stabilities. Unfortunately, the high density of defect-based traps on the surface of perovskite films significantly limits the photoelectric conversion efficiency and operational stability of perovskite solar cells. Finding cost-effective interface modifiers is crucial for the further commercial development of p-i-n PSCs.

Nanocomposite Polymer Gel Electrolyte Based on TiO Nanoparticles for Lithium Batteries.

In this article, the specific features of competitive ionic and molecular transport in nanocomposite systems based on network membranes synthesized by radical polymerization of polyethylene glycol diacrylate in the presence of LiBF, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, ethylene carbonate (EC), and TiO nanopowder (d~21 nm) were studied for H, Li, B, C, and F nuclei using NMR. The membranes obtained were studied through electrochemical impedance, IR-Fourier spectroscopy, DSC, and TGA. The ionic conductivity of the membranes was up to 4.

Water Molecules' and Lithium Cations' Mobility in Sulfonated Polystyrene Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

The hydration of ions and charge groups controls electro mass transfer through ion exchange systems. The self-diffusion and local mobility of water molecules as well as lithium cations in poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) and its lithium, sodium and cesium salts were investigated for the first time using pulsed-field gradient NMR (PFG NMR) and NMR relaxation techniques. The temperature dependences of the water molecule and Li cation self-diffusion coefficients exhibited increasing self-diffusion activation energy in temperature regions below 0 °C, which is not due to the freezing of parts of the water.

The Effect of Divinylbenzene on the Structure and Properties of Polyethylene Films with Related Radiation Chemical Grafted Polystyrene and Sulfocationite Membranes.

In the present work, the effect of divinylbenzene (DVB) on the kinetics of post-radiation chemical graft polymerization styrene (St) on polyethylene (PE) film and its structural and morphological features were investigated. It has been found that the dependence of the degree of polystyrene (PS) grafting on the DVB concentration in the solution is extreme. An increase in the rate of graft polymerization at low concentrations of DVB in the solution is associated with a decrease in the mobility of the growing chains of PS.

New Network Polymer Electrolytes Based on Ionic Liquid and SiO Nanoparticles for Energy Storage Systems.

Elementary processes of electro mass transfer in the nanocomposite polymer electrolyte system by pulse field gradient, spin echo NMR spectroscopy and the high-resolution NMR method together with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are examined. The new nanocomposite polymer gel electrolytes consisted of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), salt LiBF and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF) and SiO nanoparticles. Kinetics of the PEGDA matrix formation was studied by isothermal calorimetry.