Publications by authors named "N I Sheina"

There is considered problem of the negative human impact on the environment in Russia and the countries of southwest Asia. The adverse impact of high-fluoride and high-arsenic drinking water in artificial endemic provinces and increased radiation background on the health of the population of Syria, Iraq, Bangladesh has been investigated. With the aim of prevention there has been recommended the improvement of the system for treatment of drinking water and the disposal of radioactive waste, performance of sanitary outreach activities and promotion of healthy lifestyles, the organization of periodic examinations of the population.

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The question of need for standardization and validation of the complex methods to establish the maximum concentration limit (MCL) ofbiotechnological strains in the water of water bodies is under discussion. On the basis of the experimental studies it has been shown that a unified quantitative criterion for safety could not to be recommended for biotechnological strains and therefore requires the study of each strain in order to substantiate the safe level in water of water bodies. Proposed biosafety program should include the study of pathogenic properties in acute experiments and specific effects in subchronic experiments to study the influence of strains on the process of water purification and a risk assessment of transformation products of chemicals and the justification of the safety factor when establishing MCL t in terms of the toxic effect.

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The study was undertaken to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms that were used in biotechnological production and belonged to different taxons: gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus thuringiensis) and gram-negative (Alcaligenes denitrificans and Pseudomonas caryophylii) bacteria and noncardioform actinomycetes (Rhodococcus erythropolis and Rhodococcus corallinus). The sensitivity of the strains to a range of antibiotics was determined by the agar diffuse method. Industrial strains responded differently to test antibiotics.

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The pattern of the negative effect of biotechnological strains belonging to different taxons was experimentally studied. The effect of the strains manifested as imbalance of immunocompetent cells, development of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, and altered qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the autochtonic microflora of the intestine. The minimum acting (10(5) cells/l) and non-acting (10(4) cells/l) enteral exposure levels were determined for the bulk of the test strains.

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The state-of-the-art of hygienic standardization of biotechnological strains of microorganisms is considered. The last century's investigations accumulated abundant experimental data on the estimation of the adverse effect of the strains, formulated main guidelines for evaluating the negative activity of producing strains, and proposed a schematic diagram for toxicological and hygienic investigations of new biotechnological strains. Further studies made it possible to elaborate their human hazard classification, to improve study programs, to substantiate a priority list, and to develop approaches to assessing the occupational microbiological risk.

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