[PERSPECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT OF LIVE RECOMBINANT ANTHRAX VACCINES BASED ON OPPORTUNISTIC AND APATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS].

Live genetic engineering anthrax vaccines on the platform of avirulent and probiotic micro-organisms are a safe and adequate alternative to preparations based on attenuated Bacillus anthracis strains. Mucosal application results in a direct contact of the vaccine preparations with mucous membranes in those organs arid tissues of the macro-organisms, that are exposed to the pathogen in the first place, resulting in a development of local and systemic immune response. Live recombinant anthrax vaccines could be used both separately as well as in a prime-boost immunization scheme.

[CONTEMPORARY TENDENCIES IN CONSTRUCTING RECOMBINANT VACCINES FOR SPECIFIC PROPHYLAXIS OF PLAGUE].

An importance place in the system of prophylaxis measures against plague is allotted to vaccination of population contingents, that belong to risk groups for infection. The whole arsenal of accumulated knowledge on structure, properties, molecular nature, genetic determination, synthesis pathways, regulation and mechanisms of interaction with macroorganism of pathogenicity factors and immunogenicity of the infectious disease causative agent is used in the creation of new generation of vaccines. Contemporary technologies--genomics, proteomics, reverse vaccinology facilitate detection of protective antigens and help determine rational design of the vaccines.

[A METHOD FOR DIFFERENTIATION OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS STRAINS AND PHYLOGENETICALLY RELATED SPECIES BASED ON DETERMINATION OF THE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCESBETWEEN CHROMOSOMAL GENES FOR BIOSYNTHESIS OF FLAGELLIN AND METHIONINE].

Nucleotide sequence analysis of several genes responsible for the anthrax pathogen definitive properties--motility and penicillinase activity--determined a chromosomal locus promising for interspecies differentiation. We demonstrated that the gene fliC encoding flagellin synthesis contains extended region, distinguishing B. anthracis strains from the majority of non-pathogenic and opportunistic bacilli.

[Immunogenicity and safety of a prototype chemical anthrax vaccine in laboratory animal models].

Aim: Evaluation of immune stimulating and toxic effects of a vaccine prototype protein components.

Materials And Methods: Linear mice, guinea pigs and rabbits were immunized subcutaneously once or twice by recombinant protective antigen (rPA), S-layer protein (EA1) or their complex. Innate immunity structure activation was registered by changes in Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression.

[Identification of the differences in the genes responsible for methionine biosynthesis in Bacillus anthracis strains and phylogeny-related species].

The comparative analysis of the gene sequences encoding the synthesis of enzymes responsible for the intermediary metabolism of methionine in Bacillus anthracis strains and in closely related bacterial species was carried out. Deletion of 42 nucleotides in the hom2 gene, which determines the homoserinedehydrogenase, is detected in all tested Bacillus anthracis strains. In the strains of other bacillar species hom2 gene mutation, which blocks up the tracts of methionine and threonine biosynthesis, was not identified.