Development of Influenza-Specific CD4 T Cell-Mediated Immunity in Children Following Inactivated Influenza Vaccination.

Background: While both cellular and humoral immunity are important in immunologic protection against influenza, how the influenza-specific CD4 T cell response is established in response to early vaccination remains inadequately understood. In this study, we sought to understand how the CD4 T cell response to inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) is established and develops throughout early childhood.

Methods: Influenza-specific CD4 T cell responses were quantified following IIV over 2 influenza seasons in 47 vaccinated children between 6 months and 8 years of age who had no documented history of natural influenza infection during the study.

The implementation of a neck strengthening exercise program in elite rugby union: A team case study over one season.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of a neck strengthening program on maximal isometric neck strength and incidence of head and neck injuries including concussion, and to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the program within one professional men's rugby union team over one season.

Design: Pre- and post-intervention study.

Methods: A phased neck strengthening program was implemented in one rugby union team (n = 26 Forward Group; n = 13 Back Group) throughout the 2020 Super Rugby season, with maximal isometric neck strength measured at each training phase.

Anti-biofilm activity of murepavadin against cystic fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.

Objectives: To determine the activity of murepavadin in comparison with tobramycin, colistin and aztreonam, against cystic fibrosis (CF) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates growing in biofilms. The biofilm-epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values that include intrinsic resistance mechanisms present in biofilms were estimated.

Methods: Fifty-three CF P.

Murepavadin antimicrobial activity against and resistance development in cystic fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.

Background: Murepavadin, a novel peptidomimetic antibiotic, is being developed as an inhalation therapy for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). It blocks the activity of the LptD protein in P. aeruginosa causing outer membrane alterations.

Prevalence and risks factors associated with ESBL-producing faecal carriage in a single long-term-care facility in Spain: emergence of CTX-M-24- and CTX-M-27-producing Escherichia coli ST131-H30R.

Objectives: To address the faecal carriage prevalence of antibiotic-multiresistant bacteria and associated risk factors in a public long-term care facility (LTCF).

Methods: A prospective study in a single government-funded LTCF of 300 residents in Ciudad Real, Spain. Residents' clinical and demographic data were collected, as well as recent antibiotic consumption in the institution.