Primary vitrectomy or intravitreal antibiotics followed by early vitrectomy for acute endophthalmitis: A prospective observational study.

Background/aims: To compare outcomes of acute endophthalmitis (EO) managed with either primary vitrectomy (PV) or primary intravitreal antibiotics (vancomycin and ceftazidime) followed by early vitrectomy (PIAEV) combined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostics.

Methods: This was a prospective, comparative observational study of acute EO cases admitted to a regional vitreoretinal service over 18 months. Depending on whether immediate vitrectomy (within 6 h) was achievable, the EO cases were treated with either (1) PV or (2) PIAEV.

Late onset periprosthetic infection of the hip caused by the fish pathogen in a patient not associated with fish exposure.

is a fish pathogen, rarely causing opportunistic infections in humans. There are only a few cases reported in the literature, mainly endocarditis, suggesting an association with raw fish consumption. We report a case of a periprosthetic hip infection successfully treated with a two-stage revision surgery.

[Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance].

This review summarises the work-up of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). In persons above 70 years of age, around 5% have MGUS, a premalignant state with a monoclonal plasma immunoglobulin or light chain (M protein) in blood and/or urine. Continuous follow-up is recommended due to a risk of malignant progression of around 1% per year.

Whole genome sequencing of Chester reveals geographically distinct clusters, Norway, 2000 to 2016.

IntroductionDuring summer 2016, Norway observed an increase in subsp. serovar Chester cases among travellers to Greece.AimOur aim was to investigate genetic relatedness of Chester for surveillance and outbreak detection by core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) and compare the results to genome mapping.

Dual inhibition of DNMTs and EZH2 can overcome both intrinsic and acquired resistance of myeloma cells to IMiDs in a cereblon-independent manner.

Thalidomide and its derivatives, lenalidomide and pomalidomide (also known as IMiDs), have significantly changed the treatment landscape of multiple myeloma, and the recent discovery of cereblon (CRBN) as their direct biological target has led to a deeper understanding of their complex mechanism of action. In an effort to comprehend the precise mechanisms behind the development of IMiD resistance and examine whether it is potentially reversible, we established lenalidomide-resistant (-LR) and pomalidomide-resistant (-PR) human myeloma cell lines from two IMiD-sensitive cell lines, OPM2 and NCI-H929, by continuous culture in the presence of lenalidomide or pomalidomide for 4-6 months, until acquirement of stable resistance. By assessing genome-wide DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility in these cell lines, we found that acquired IMiD resistance is associated with an increase in genome-wide DNA methylation and an even greater reduction in chromatin accessibility.