Spatial tumor immune heterogeneity facilitates subtype co-existence and therapy response in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) displays a high degree of spatial subtype heterogeneity and co-existence, linked to a diverse microenvironment and worse clinical outcome. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, by combining preclinical models, multi-center clinical, transcriptomic, proteomic, and patient bioimaging data, we identify an interplay between neoplastic intrinsic AP1 transcription factor dichotomy and extrinsic macrophages driving subtype co-existence and an immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Holding time or fixative formulation has no obvious effect on histology of and .

Collection of coral for histologic examination requires holding of samples in seawater for a time before they are fixed for histologic processing. This could adversely affect the interpretation of morphologic changes during histologic examinations. We evaluated the microscopic morphology of and held (0-120 minutes) in seawater prior to fixation in Z-Fix formulated with raw or artificial seawater.

IUPHAR themed review: The gut microbiome in schizophrenia.

Gut microbial dysbiosis or altered gut microbial consortium, in schizophrenia suggests a pathogenic role through the gut-brain axis, influencing neuroinflammatory and neurotransmitter pathways critical to psychotic, affective, and cognitive symptoms. Paradoxically, conventional psychotropic interventions may exacerbate this dysbiosis, with antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine, demonstrating profound effects on microbial architecture through disruption of bacterial phyla ratios, diminished taxonomic diversity, and attenuated short-chain fatty acid synthesis. To address these challenges, novel therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome, encompassing probiotic supplementation, prebiotic compounds, faecal microbiota transplantation, and rationalised co-pharmacotherapy, show promise in attenuating antipsychotic-induced metabolic disruptions while enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in angle closure.

Purpose Of Review: This review discusses the evidence on the efficacy, safety and role of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) in eyes with angle closure glaucoma. While cataract surgery remains the most established surgical treatment for primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), the intraocular pressure (IOP) may remain elevated after cataract surgery despite open angles due to trabecular meshwork damage from chronic iridotrabecular contact.

Recent Findings: There is emerging evidence that combining cataract surgery with MIGS in eyes with PACG, though an off-label indication for some MIGS devices, can achieve greater IOP and glaucoma medication reduction than cataract surgery alone.

Effectiveness of electronic medical record-based strategies for death and hospital admission endpoint capture in pragmatic clinical trials.

Objective: Event capture in clinical trials is resource-intensive, and electronic medical records (EMRs) offer a potential solution. This study develops algorithms for EMR-based death and hospitalization capture and compares them with traditional event capture methods.

Materials And Methods: We compared the effectiveness of EMR-based event capture and site-captured events adjudicated by a clinical endpoint committee in the multi-center INfluenza Vaccine to Effectively Stop cardio Thoracic Events and Decompensated heart failure (INVESTED) trial for participants from the Veterans Affairs healthcare system.