The alphavirus determinants of intercellular long extension formation.

The alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a serious human pathogen that can cause large-scale epidemics characterized by fever and joint pain and often resulting in chronic arthritis. Infection by alphaviruses including CHIKV and the closely related Semliki Forest virus (SFV) can induce the formation of filopodia-like intercellular long extensions (ILEs). ILEs emanate from an infected cell, stably attach to a neighboring cell, and mediate cell-to-cell viral transmission that is resistant to neutralizing antibodies.

A hand-washing community-based educational intervention to reduce abscess incidence among people who inject drugs: a cluster randomised controlled clinical trial protocol (the HAWA study protocol).

Background: Besides the high prevalence of HIV and HCV infections, people who inject drugs (PWID) have a cumulative risk of acquiring skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) from, among other things, social precariousness, homelessness/unstable housing, and unhygienic injecting practices. We propose to evaluate whether a two-component educational hand hygiene intervention which combines training in hand-washing with the supply of a single-use alcohol-based hand rub, called MONO-RUB, is effective in reducing injection-related abscesses in the PWID population. Specifically, we shall implement a nationwide, two-arm, multi-centre, cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this intervention in PWID.

Longitudinal profiling of human androgenotes through single-cell analysis unveils paternal gene expression dynamics in early embryo development.

Study Question: How do transcriptomics vary in haploid human androgenote embryos at single cell level in the first four cell cycles of embryo development?

Summary Answer: Gene expression peaks at the fourth cell cycle, however some androcytes exhibit unique transcriptional behaviors.

What Is Known Already: The developmental potential of an embryo is determined by the competence of the oocyte and the sperm. However, studies of the contribution of the paternal genome using pure haploid androgenotes are very scarce.

Underestimation of glyphosate intake by the methods currently used by regulatory agencies.

The acceptable daily intake (ADI) is an estimate of the amount of a substance in food or beverages that can be consumed daily over a lifetime without presenting an appreciable risk to health. To assess the risk of ingesting glyphosate, regulatory agencies compare glyphosate daily intake to ADI. Based on published data on urine glyphosate levels measured according to known quantities of ingested glyphosate, our objectives were to test the robustness of the mathematical model currently used to calculate glyphosate daily intake, and to propose alternative models based on urinary excretion kinetics.