The prevalence of familial vesicoureteric reflux in infants with normal antenatal scans.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of familial vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) by studying the outcomes of screening in a contemporary cohort of newborns with normal antenatal kidney scans.

Methods: A review of screening outcomes in newborns with a first degree relative with VUR, normal antenatal scans and no prior urine infections between 2014-2019 at three maternity units in the North East of England was conducted. Imaging consisted of micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG) in all and renal tract ultrasound scan (RUS) routinely in two units and by clinician preference in one unit.

Comparison of alteplase and heparin in maintaining the patency of paediatric central venous haemodialysis lines: a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: To determine whether the tissue plasminogen activator, alteplase, is more effective than heparin in preventing blood clots developing in children's haemodialysis central lines between dialysis sessions.

Design: A prospective double-blind, within-patient multiperiod cross-over controlled trial of instilling a "lock" of either heparin 5000 U/ml or alteplase 1 mg/ml into the central lines of two children haemodialysed twice weekly, and seven dialysed thrice weekly, over 10 weeks.

Setting: A UK paediatric nephrology unit.

Cricoid pressure: knowledge and performance amongst anaesthetic assistants.

We investigated the cricoid pressure technique of 135 anaesthetic assistants attending the annual conference of the British Association of Operating Department Assistants in May 1997. Their knowledge and training were assessed using a structured interview. Technique was assessed using a simulator measuring applied force during sham cricoid pressure.