Energy homeostasis from Lavoisier to control theory.

The intellectual history of energy homeostasis, focusing on food intake and energy storage, is briefly reviewed. Physiological energetics was founded by Lavoisier, who in the late eighteenth century invented direct and indirect calorimetry and discovered the role of oxygen in combustion and respiration. Energy was understood well enough by the mid-nineteenth century to realize the physiological energy-balance equation, that energy intake - energy expenditure = energy storage, but this did not greatly influence physiological research for another century.

Supporting Healthy Weight in Statewide Quality Rating and Improvement Systems: A Review of 2020 Standards and Comparison to 2015 Standards.

Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRISs) are used to assess, improve, and communicate quality in early care and education (ECE) programs. One strategy for supporting healthy growth in early childhood is embedding nutrition, physical activity, infant feeding, and screen time content into state QRIS standards, using the Caring for Our Children high-impact obesity prevention standards (HIOPS) and the CDC Spectrum of Opportunities framework (CDC Spectrum). We assessed the number of obesity prevention standards in QRISs in 2020 and compared results to an analysis published in 2015.

Increased Meal Size but Reduced Meal-Stimulated Plasma Cholecystokinin Concentrations in Women With Obesity.

To better understand the physiological basis of obesity in women, we investigated whether obesity or menstrual cycle phase affects laboratory test-meal size or meal-stimulated plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentration. Women with healthy weight (body mass index [BMI] of 18.5-24.

Joint patient and clinician priority setting to identify 10 key research questions regarding the long-term sequelae of COVID-19.

Given the large numbers of people infected and high rates of ongoing morbidity, research is clearly required to address the needs of adult survivors of COVID-19 living with ongoing symptoms (long COVID). To help direct resource and research efforts, we completed a research prioritisation process incorporating views from adults with ongoing symptoms of COVID-19, carers, clinicians and clinical researchers. The final top 10 research questions were agreed at an independently mediated workshop and included: identifying underlying mechanisms of long COVID, establishing diagnostic tools, understanding trajectory of recovery and evaluating the role of interventions both during the acute and persistent phases of the illness.

Is It Worth It? Obesity Affects Snack Food Valuation Across the Menstrual Cycle.

Background: The importance of menstrual cycle physiology in appetite and obesity is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of body mass index (BMI), menstrual cycle phase and sweet and salty taste on monetary valuation of snack foods.

Methods: We recruited 72 women and after the application of in- and exclusion criteria 31 participants with healthy weight and 25 with obesity remained.