One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction.

Freshwater ecosystems are highly biodiverse and important for livelihoods and economic development, but are under substantial stress. To date, comprehensive global assessments of extinction risk have not included any speciose groups primarily living in freshwaters. Consequently, data from predominantly terrestrial tetrapods are used to guide environmental policy and conservation prioritization, whereas recent proposals for target setting in freshwaters use abiotic factors.

Sperm recovery from urine in men with retrograde ejaculation.

Introduction: Retrograde ejaculation (RE) consists of the reflux backwards, towards the bladder, of the ejaculate, during the emission phase of ejaculation, causing a total or partial absence of sperm emission, with the consequent diversion of semen into the bladder during the emission phase of ejaculation. Evaluating the ejaculate may not be sufficient for identifying RE in some patients. Hence, the management of infertility may involve the use of invasive methods such as epididymal fluid retrieval or testicular biopsy.

Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Cognitive Performance and Informant-rated Cognitive Decline.

Objectives: It is unknown whether cognitive test scores are equivalently associated with informant-rated cognitive decline across culturally and linguistically diverse older adults. We examined the association between cognitive domain scores on the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) and informant-rated cognitive decline in a harmonized population-based sample of older adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We combined data from the HCAP sub-study of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2016) and the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi-Cognitive (BASIC-C; 2018-2020) study.

The Use of the Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test in Blood Granulocytes for Discriminating Bacterial and Non-Bacterial Neutrophilic Dermatitis.

This study aimed to evaluate differences in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by peripheral blood neutrophils in healthy dogs, dogs with superficial pyoderma, and dogs with sterile neutrophilic dermatitis using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test. Additionally, the study assessed the potential of the NBT reduction test as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between these clinical conditions. A total of 28 dogs were divided into three groups: healthy (n = 10), superficial pyoderma (n = 10), and sterile neutrophilic dermatitis (n = 8).

Learning More May Not Be Better: Knowledge Transferability in Vision-and-Language Tasks.

Is learning more knowledge always better for vision-and-language models? In this paper, we study knowledge transferability in multi-modal tasks. The current tendency in machine learning is to assume that by joining multiple datasets from different tasks, their overall performance improves. However, we show that not all knowledge transfers well or has a positive impact on related tasks, even when they share a common goal.