Elucidating assembly and function of VirB8 cell wall subunits refines the DNA translocation model in Gram-positive T4SSs.

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are widespread nanomachines specialized in the transport across the cell envelope of various types of molecules including mobile genetic elements during conjugation. Despite their prevalence in Gram-positive bacteria, including relevant pathogens, their assembly and functioning remain unknown. This study addresses these gaps by investigating VirB8 proteins, known to be central components of conjugative T4SSs in Gram-positive bacteria.

Structure, kinetics, and mechanism of Pseudomonas putida sulfoquinovose dehydrogenase, the first enzyme in the sulfoglycolytic Entner-Doudoroff pathway.

The sulfosugar sulfoquinovose (SQ) is catabolized through the sulfoglycolytic Entner-Doudoroff pathway, beginning with the oxidation of SQ to sulfogluconolactone by SQ dehydrogenase. We present a comprehensive structural and kinetic characterization of Pseudomonas putida SQ dehydrogenase (PpSQDH). PpSQDH is a tetrameric enzyme belonging to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily with a strong preference for NAD+ over NADP+.

Middle Pleistocene teeth from Arbreda Cave (Serinyà, northeastern Iberian Peninsula).

Objectives: We report the discovery and description of three human teeth from the Middle Paleolithic archaeological levels of Arbreda Cave (Serinyà, Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula).

Materials And Methods: The teeth, two molars (one right dm and one right M) from Level N (older than 120 kyr) and one P from Level J (dated between 71 and 44 kyr), were morphologically described based on microCT images and compared with Neanderthal and Homo sapiens specimens.

Results: The teeth belong to a minimum of three individuals: one adult and one infant from Level N and one juvenile from Level J.

Parent-young person lived experience of sensory dysregulation in children with tic disorders: a qualitative study.

Purpose: To understand the breadth of sensory dysregulation on participation in daily tasks for young people with tic disorders, as research identified that sensory dysregulation experiences are broader than the symptoms being assessed.

Methods: Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 families with children (5-16 years) with tic disorders. Interviews ranged from 45 to 120 min and were transcribed verbatim.