Particulate iron oxide food colorants (E 172) during artificial digestion and their uptake and impact on intestinal cells.

Iron oxide of various structures is frequently used as food colorant (E 172). The spectrum of colors ranges from yellow over orange, red, and brown to black, depending on the chemical structure of the material. E 172 is mostly sold as solid powder.

Development and validation of a work-related risk score for upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders in a French working population.

Objectives: The aim was to develop an easy-to-use risk score based on occupational factors and to validate its performance to identify workers either having (diagnostic setting) or developing (prognostic setting) upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSD).

Methods: This study relied on data from the Cosali prospective cohort conducted in a French working population. Diagnostic status for six UEMSD at inclusion and at follow-up was assessed by a standardized clinical examination.

Factors associated with referral to physiotherapists for adult patients consulting for musculoskeletal disorders in primary care; an ancillary study to ECOGEN.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are multifactorial requiring multidisciplinary treatment including physiotherapy. General practitioners (GP) have a central role in managing MSDs and mostly solicit physiotherapists accounting for 76.1% of physiotherapy referrals in France.

Influence of low back pain characteristics on the healthcare procedures prescribed by general practitioners for adult patients: ancillary analysis of the French ECOGEN study.

Background: Non-specific low back pain is a frequent reason for consultation, yet little is known about how general practitioners manage it in France.

Objectives: To describe the healthcare procedures general practitioners prescribe for low back pain in France.

Materials And Methods: This is an ancillary analysis of an observational, cross-sectional study (ECOGEN) conducted between November 2011 and April 2012 among 128 general practitioners.

Upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders: how many cases can be prevented? Estimates from the COSALI cohort.

Objective This study aimed to estimate the proportion and number of incident upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSD) cases attributable to occupational risk factors in a working population. Methods Between 2002-2005, occupational physicians randomly selected 3710 workers, aged 20-59, from the Pays de la Loire (PdL) region. All participants underwent a standardized clinical examination.