Exploring B7-H4's role in prostate cancer dormancy post-androgen deprivation therapy: extracellular matrix interactions and therapeutic opportunities.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is mainly managed with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but this often leads to a dormant state and subsequent relapse as lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Using our unique PCa patient-derived xenograft (PDX) dormancy models, we investigated this critical dormant phase and discovered a selective increase in B7-H4 expression during the dormancy period following mouse host castration. This finding is supported by observations in clinical specimens of PCa patients treated with ADT.

United States Pooled Cohort Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: There is significant heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop risk scores for total CVD and its components from a contemporary pooled, observational cohort of U.S.

Mate-Pair Sequencing Enables Identification and Delineation of Balanced and Unbalanced Structural Variants in Prenatal Cytogenomic Diagnostics.

Background: Mate-pair sequencing detects both balanced and unbalanced structural variants (SVs) and simultaneously informs in relation to both genomic location and orientation of SVs for enhanced variant classification and clinical interpretation, while chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) only reports deletion/duplication. Herein, we evaluated its diagnostic utility in a prospective back-to-back prenatal comparative study with CMA.

Methods: From October 2021 to September 2023, 426 fetuses with ultrasound anomalies were prospectively recruited for mate-pair sequencing and CMA in parallel for prenatal genetic diagnosis.

Ambient PM exposure and tuberculosis reactivation: a cross-sectional study in an intermediate burden city.

Hong Kong is an intermediate tuberculosis (TB) endemicity city dominated by reactivation diseases. A cross-sectional study on the clinical and epidemiologic data of newly diagnosed TB cases was conducted in such a setting, to examine the association between ambient PM and TB reactivation. After the exclusion of cases most likely resulting from recent infection, four distinct TB population phenotypes were delineated by latent class analysis based on their reactivation risk and clinical profiles ( = 2,153): '' (26%), '' (34%), '' (19%) and '' (21%).