Identifying mechanisms by which social determinants of health impact TB diagnostic evaluation uptake in Uganda: a qualitative study.

Background: Social and structural determinants of health (SDoH) are associated with tuberculosis (TB) outcomes but often unaddressed in TB care programs. We sought to describe the mechanism by which SDoH impact completion of TB diagnostic evaluation in Uganda using an implementation science framework rooted in behavioral theory.

Methods: Trained research staff interviewed 24 purposively sampled adults undergoing TB diagnostic evaluation at six community health centers in Uganda between February-August 2019.

Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Novel Mechanisms Involved in Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high incidence of perineural invasion (PNI), a pathological feature of the cancer invasion of nerves. PNI is associated with a poor prognosis, local recurrence and cancer pain. It has been suggested that interactions between nerves and the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a role in PDAC tumorigenesis.

A randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-step oral hygiene product intervention to improve oral health in partial denture wearers.

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-step oral hygiene intervention among removal partial denture (RPD) wearers.

Methods: A 12-week, single-blind, randomised, 2-armed, parallel-group, controlled trial was conducted with 49 RPD-wearing participants with mild-moderate gingivitis. The intervention group received stannous fluoride toothpaste, sodium fluoride mouth rinse, and an antibacterial denture cleanser foam.

Provider Practices in Pulmonary Exacerbations of Cystic Fibrosis in the Era of Highly Effective Modulator Therapy.

Rationale: Since the approval of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), data suggests there have been changes in the management of pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) of Cystic Fibrosis (CF).

Objective: Given the subjective nature of PEx diagnosis and management, we sought to characterize provider PEx management practices in people with CF (pwCF) prescribed highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) and to identify practice changes that may impact clinical outcomes.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews amongst clinicians in the United States (US) in late 2021 to 2022 to investigate changes in the management of PEx in pwCF prescribed ETI.

Deep-learning enabled combined measurement of tumour cell density and tumour infiltrating lymphocyte density as a prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer.

Background: Within the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumour microenvironment, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumour cell density (TCD) are recognised prognostic markers. Measurement of TILs and TCD using deep-learning (DL) on haematoxylin and eosin (HE) whole slide images (WSIs) could aid management.

Methods: HE WSIs from the primary tumours of 127 CRC patients were included.