ADAM10 and Neprilysin level decreases in immune cells of mice bearing metastatic breast carcinoma: Possible role in cancer inflammatory response.

Objective And Design: ADAM10 and Neprilysin, proteases, play critical role in inflammatory disease, however their role in cancer immune response is not clear. We here evaluated changes in immune response using an experimental model for breast cancer.

Material And Method: Highly metastatic breast cancer cells (4T1-derived) were injected orthotopically (mammary-pad of Balb-c mice) to induce tumors.

Carcinogenesis and Metastasis: Focus on TRPV1-Positive Neurons and Immune Cells.

Both sensory neurons and immune cells, albeit at markedly different levels, express the vanilloid (capsaicin) receptor, Transient Receptor Potential, Vanilloid-1 (TRPV1). Activation of TRPV1 channels in sensory afferent nerve fibers induces local effector functions by releasing neuropeptides (most notably, substance P) which, in turn, trigger neurogenic inflammation. There is good evidence that chronic activation or inactivation of this inflammatory pathway can modify tumor growth and metastasis.

Changes in TRPV1 Expression as Well as Substance P and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Levels Are Associated with Recurrence of Pterygium.

Pterygium, a disease of the ocular surface, is characterized by the proliferation and invasion of fibrovascular tissue. Chronic inflammation contributes to pterygium occurrence. Sensory neuropeptides of TRPV1-positive nerve fibers are involved in inflammation and corneal wound healing.

Regulation of Carcinogenesis by Sensory Neurons and Neuromediators.

Interactions between the immune system and the nervous system are crucial in maintaining homeostasis, and disturbances of these neuro-immune interactions may participate in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Nerve endings have been identified within solid tumors in humans and experimental animals. Although the involvement of the efferent sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation in carcinogenesis has been extensively investigated, the role of the afferent sensory neurons and the neuropeptides in tumor development, growth, and progression is recently appreciated.