Triggered metabolism of adenosine triphosphate as an explanation for the chemical heterogeneity of heterotopic ossification.

Heterotopic ossification (HO), the pathological formation of bone in soft tissues, is a debilitating condition, as well as one of the few instances of de novo bone formation in adults. Chemical mapping of HO tissue showed distinct islands of calcium phosphate within phosphate-deficient, calcium-rich regions, suggesting a transition to apatitic bone mineral from a non-phosphatic precursor. The transition of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), a generally suggested bone-mineral precursor, in physiological conditions was thus investigated.

Bioengineering extracellular vesicles: smart nanomaterials for bone regeneration.

In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key regulators of bone development, homeostasis and repair. EV-based therapies have the potential to circumnavigate key issues hindering the translation of cell-based therapies including functional tissue engraftment, uncontrolled differentiation and immunogenicity issues. Due to EVs' innate biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and high physiochemical stability, these naturally-derived nanoparticles have garnered growing interest as potential acellular nanoscale therapeutics for a variety of diseases.

Space habitats for bioengineering and surgical repair: addressing the requirement for reconstructive and research tissues during deep-space missions.

Numerous technical scenarios have been developed to facilitate a human return to the Moon, and as a testbed for a subsequent mission to Mars. Crews appointed with constructing and establishing planetary bases will require a superior level of physical ability to cope with the operational demands. However, the challenging environments of nearby planets (e.

Spectroscopic detection of traumatic brain injury severity and biochemistry from the retina.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major burden on healthcare services worldwide, where scientific and clinical innovation is needed to provide better understanding of biochemical damage to improve both pre-hospital assessment and intensive care monitoring. Here, we present an unconventional concept of using Raman spectroscopy to measure the biochemical response to the retina in an murine model of TBI. Through comparison to spectra from the brain and retina following injury, we elicit subtle spectral changes through the use of multivariate analysis, linked to a decrease in cardiolipin and indicating metabolic disruption.