Infiltrative classical monocyte-derived and SPP1 lipid-associated macrophages mediate inflammation and fibrosis in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis.

Background And Hypothesis: Kidney macrophage infiltration is a histological hallmark of vasculitic lesions and is strongly linked to disease activity in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (AGN). The precise mechanisms by which kidney macrophages influence local inflammation and long-term damage remain largely unknown.

Methods: Here, we investigate kidney macrophage diversity using single-cell transcriptome analysis of 25 485 freshly retrieved unfrozen, high-quality kidney CD45+ immune cells from five AGN patients during active disease, a lupus nephritis and nephrectomy control.

Air pollution aggravates renal ischaemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Recent epidemiological studies have highlighted the link between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and a decline in renal function. PM exerts harmful effects on various organs through oxidative stress and inflammation.

NLRX1 Prevents M2 Macrophage Polarization and Excessive Renal Fibrosis in Chronic Obstructive Nephropathy.

Background: Chronic kidney disease often leads to kidney dysfunction due to renal fibrosis, regardless of the initial cause of kidney damage. Macrophages are crucial players in the progression of renal fibrosis as they stimulate inflammation, activate fibroblasts, and contribute to extracellular matrix deposition, influenced by their metabolic state. Nucleotide-binding domain and LRR-containing protein X (NLRX1) is an innate immune receptor independent of inflammasomes and is found in mitochondria, and it plays a role in immune responses and cell metabolism.

Levamisole suppresses activation and proliferation of human T cells by the induction of a p53-dependent DNA damage response.

Levamisole (LMS) is a small molecule used in the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). The pathogenesis of INS remains unknown, but evidence points toward an immunological basis of the disease. Recently, LMS has been shown to increase the relapse-free survival in INS patients.

GCase and LIMP2 Abnormalities in the Liver of Niemann Pick Type C Mice.

The lysosomal storage disease Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is caused by impaired cholesterol efflux from lysosomes, which is accompanied by secondary lysosomal accumulation of sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide (GlcCer). Similar to Gaucher disease (GD), patients deficient in glucocerebrosidase (GCase) degrading GlcCer, NPC patients show an elevated glucosylsphingosine and glucosylated cholesterol. In livers of mice lacking the lysosomal cholesterol efflux transporter NPC1, we investigated the expression of established biomarkers of lipid-laden macrophages of GD patients, their GCase status, and content on the cytosol facing glucosylceramidase GBA2 and lysosomal integral membrane protein type B (LIMP2), a transporter of newly formed GCase to lysosomes.