First insight of genetic diversity, phylogeographic relationships, and population structure of marine sponge from the eastern and western Mediterranean coasts of Tunisia.

Despite the strategic localization of Tunisia in the Mediterranean Sea, no phylogeographic study on sponges has been investigated along its shores. The demosponge , descript only morphologically along Tunisian coasts, was chosen to estimate the influence of natural oceanographic and biogeographic barriers on its genetic differentiation and its Phylogeography. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was amplified and analyzed for 70 Mediterranean , collected from eight localities in Tunisia.

Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis of the complete genome of the West Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV-2) in the Mediterranean basin.

Background: The West Nile virus is a highly contagious agent for a wide range of hosts. Its spread in the Mediterranean region raises several questions about its origin and the risk factors underlying the virus's dispersal.

Materials And Methods: The present study aims to reconstruct the temporal and spatial phylodynamics of West Nile virus lineage 2 in the Mediterranean region using 75 complete genome sequences from different host species retrieved from international databases.

Karyological and bioinformatic data on the common chameleon .

The data presented in this paper stand as supplementary information of the associated article "Karyological characterization of the common chameleon () provides insights on the evolution and diversification of sex chromosomes in Chamaeleonidae" [1]. This work provides (i) raw experimental data on the karyology of the common chameleon and (ii) the results of bioinformatic analysis on sex-specific and repeated DNA sequences found in the same species. The karyological information here presented includes traditional staining method (Giemsa staining) and sequential C-banding + fluorochromes performed on Tunisian samples of the species.

Karyological characterization of the common chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleon) provides insights on the evolution and diversification of sex chromosomes in Chamaeleonidae.

Chameleons display high karyological diversity in chromosome number (from 2n = 20 to 62), morphology, heterochromatin distribution and location of specific chromosomal markers, making them unique study models in evolutionary cytogenetics. However, most available cytogenetic data are limited to the description of the chromosome number and morphology. Concerning sex chromosomes, our knowledge is limited to ZZ/ZW and Z1Z1Z2Z2/Z1Z2W systems in the genus Furcifer and the isolation of sex-linked, male-specific, sequences in Chamaeleo calyptratus, but the putative XY chromosomes have still to be identified in Chamaeleo and the conservation of male heterogamety in the genus needs confirmation from other species.

Incorporation of tocopherol-rich extracts from mushroom mycelia into yogurt.

Consumers are well-informed about food additives and it is likely that they prefer natural additives over their synthetic analogues. Antioxidants represent a major class of food preservatives, among which tocopherols stand out as one of the most important examples. Interestingly, these compounds are present in relevant amounts in the mycelia of in vitro cultured mushrooms.