[Laryngeal pemphigus].

The pemphigus vulgaris is a serious bullous disease of the adult. The pharyngolaryngeal localization has rarely been described. The oral and genital localizations are often inaugural.

[Training strategies of the spontaneous voice in the reeducation of the speech voice].

Rehabilitation cannot by definition be spontaneous, it must approach it by exercises which it proposes. It is the objective of the various strategies exposed here. The strategic points of the rehabilitation of the vocal spontaneousness of the spoken voice are: The articulatory precession of the vowels related to the pre-phonatory inspiratory impulse, the reduction of the dimension of a voluntary movement adapted to an automatic movement, the points of rocking of the singing voice towards the spoken voice, the slip of vocalization towards the prosody, the projected prosodic counting, the simple expressions whose dynamic model is known socially of all, the reading with under text of transcriptions of interview of famous authors.

[Echo reading and stuttering].

Echo-reading is a practical therapeutic tool which has been proposed for use in stuttering, most especially when the functions of rhythm and association are disrupted in stuttered speech. After a period of preparation in which the mechanical work involved in speech is integrated, it is proposed that there should follow a period of listening and association, which serves to re-establish the spoken word with its meaning and expressivity. The subject undergoes rehabilitation in a living language which is correlated with the imagination, and with that Other quality which always forms a part of speech.

[Is stuttering a functional dystonia?].

For some years the dystonias have been the subject of major studies and, as far as the generalised dystonias are concerned, of major therapeutic advances. The opposite is true of the so-called focal or functional dystonias, which include conditions such as Meige's syndrome, spasmodic torticollis, writer's cramp, dystonias using instruments especially in musicians, and spasmodic dysphonia. For the last group, the term functional dysphonia would seems to us to be more appropriate.

[Voice breaking phenomenon in female adolescents].

The title at the beginning of this study, "voice-breaking in adolescent females" has given rise to some lively and forceful reactions. It is a provocative concept for those who contest its validity. For others, this is quite a natural phenomenon to study: "it is widely recognised that the breaking of the voice forms part of the secondary sex changes, and that as the larynx enlarges, the voice of the young girl necessarily changes with it".