Annexin A2 in Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Pancreas.

Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a protein that is involved in many physiological and pathological cellular processes. There is compelling evidence that its dysregulated expression, be it up- or downregulation, contributes to the oncogenesis of various neoplasms, including those of the digestive system. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of ANXA2 in the main tumors of the digestive system.

Non-alcoholic Wernicke Encephalopathy in a Young Patient with Adenocarcinoma of the Colon: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Wernicke Encephalopathy (W.E.) is an acute neurological disorder induced by thiamine deficiency.

Progastrin: An Overview of Its Crucial Role in the Tumorigenesis of Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Defining predictive biomarkers for targeted therapies and optimizing anti-tumor immune response is a main challenge in ongoing investigations. Progastrin has been studied as a potential biomarker for detecting and diagnosing various malignancies, and its secretion has been associated with cell proliferation in the gastrointestinal tract that may promote tumorigenesis. Progastrin is a precursor molecule of gastrin, synthesized as pre-progastrin, converted to progastrin after cleavage, and transformed into amidated gastrin via biosynthetic intermediates.

Primary Paraganglioma of the Prostate: A Systematic Review of the Literature for A Rare Entity.

Background: Paragangliomas of the urinary tract are exceptionally uncommon, and sporadic case reports of primary paraganglioma of the prostate have been reported in the literature.

Methods: Systematic research in PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases concerning primary prostatic paraganglioma was performed by two independent investigators.

Results: This analysis included 25 adult males, with a mean age of 49.

Identification of a Novel TSC2 c.170G>A Missense Variant: A Case Report and Elaboration on the Yield of Targeted Options against Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Manifestations.

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disease that affects multiple organs and affects the quality of life. Mutations in TSC1 and TSC2 genes are causing dysregulations in the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, inducing mostly benign but also malignant tumors, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The diagnosis of TSC, based on established clinical and genetic criteria, is essential for the optimal surveillance and management of patients.