Robotic Systems in Spinal Surgery: A Review of Accuracy, Radiation Exposure, Hospital Readmission Rate, Cost, and Adverse Events.

Background: Recent advances within the last decade have allowed robotics to become commonplace in the operating room. In the field of neurosurgery, robotics assist surgeons in pedicle screw placement and vertebral fusion procedures. The purpose of this review is to look at currently used spinal robots available on the market and compare their overall accuracy, cost, radiation exposure, general adverse events, and hospital readmission rates.

Live cell imaging of plant infection provides new insight into the biology of pathogenesis by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast, one of the most serious diseases affecting rice cultivation around the world. During plant infection, M. oryzae forms a specialised infection structure called an appressorium.

Mechanisms of regulated cell death during plant infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

Fungi are the most important group of plant pathogens, responsible for many of the world's most devastating crop diseases. One of the reasons they are such successful pathogens is because several fungi have evolved the capacity to breach the tough outer cuticle of plants using specialized infection structures called appressoria. This is exemplified by the filamentous ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, causal agent of rice blast, one of the most serious diseases affecting rice cultivation globally.

Comparison of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Hippocampus to Thalamic Targets and Responsive Neurostimulation for Adult Intractable Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Stereotactic neuromodulation, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS), have emerged as some of the more promising means for managing drug-resistant epilepsy. This study serves as a comprehensive analysis of DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT), centromedian nucleus of the thalamus, and hippocampus and RNS for seizure reduction in adult intractable epilepsy.

Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review was conducted of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from January 2000 to January 2024 to objectively assess the effectiveness of the various neuromodulation modalities on seizure reduction.

Confronting risks of mirror life.

Broad discussion is needed to chart a path forward.