Rural-urban residence and life expectancies with and without pain.

This paper analyzes rural-urban disparities in life expectancy with and without pain among upper-middle age and older adults. Data are from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study, 2000-2018, N = 18,160, age 53+. Interpolated Markov Chain software, based on the multistate life tables, is used to calculate absolute and relative pain expectancies by age, sex, rural-suburban-urban residence and U.

Differences between subjective and disability health expectancies across ages in older adults.

Health expectancies (HEs) have become a key indicator for monitoring healthy aging. So far, they have mainly been calculated based on functional rather than subjective health measures. Yet, by integrating several dimensions (medical, social, and cultural), subjective health is also an important measure of an older person's health status.

Estimating the Sex Gap in Depression-Free Life Expectancy Among Widowed Americans Aged 50 and Older: An Application Using the Interpolated Markov Chain Approach.

Objectives: Using Interpolated Markov Chain software, we compare the length of life with and without depression among married individuals and widowers, and the related sex differences.

Methods: We applied a multi-state life table approach to estimate depression-free life expectancy among recent cohorts of older married and widowed women and men in the United States, using data from the Health and Retirement Study over a 7-year period (2012-2018).

Results: The study revealed that the difference in life expectancy between sexes widens in the context of widowhood.

Recurrent symmetrical bendings cause dwarfing in through spatial molecular regulation of xylem cell walls.

Environmental prejudices progressively lead to the ban of dwarfing molecules in agriculture, and alternatives are urgently required. Mechanical stimulation (MS) is a promising, eco-friendly, and economical technique, but some responses to mechanical stimulation vary from one plant species to another. Additionally, as more frequent and violent wind episodes are forecasted under global climate change, knowledge of plant responses to stimuli mimicking wind sways is decisive for agriculture.

Unraveling the dataset transcriptomic response of stem to mechanical stimulation: assembly and functional annotation.

A crucial attribute of potted ornamental plants is compactness characterized by well branched plants with rather short stems bearing numerous flowers. To gain plant compactness, producers use plant growth regulators (PGRs), in particular growth retardants during culture. However, due to their negative environmental impacts, growth retardants are progressively withdrawn from the market.