Publications by authors named "N Breyner"
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of bile acid homeostasis and is involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although FXR agonists effectively alleviate pathological features of NASH, adverse effects such as disturbance of cholesterol homeostasis and occurrence of pruritus remain to be addressed. Here, we identified a novel FXR agonist, ID119031166 (ID166), and explored the pharmacological benefits of ID166 in the treatment of NASH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe food additive titanium dioxide hinders intestinal production of TGF-β and IL-10 in mice, and long-term exposure in adults or from perinatal life blocks oral tolerance to ovalbumin.
Food Chem Toxicol
September 2023
Article Synopsis
- Food hypersensitivities are on the rise in developed countries, with food-grade titanium dioxide (fg-TiO) suspected as a contributing factor due to its nanoparticle (NP) composition and immunomodulatory effects.
- In a study involving pregnant mice fed a TiO-enriched diet, researchers found that the dietary NPs passed to the fetus, resulting in their offspring developing a breakdown in oral tolerance (OT) to ovalbumin (OVA), indicated by increased anti-OVA IgG levels when they became adults.
- Additionally, adult mice directly exposed to fg-TiO also exhibited OT failure and intestinal inflammation upon OVA challenge, showing that long-term exposure disrupts key anti-inflammatory cytokines essential for maintaining OT
The commensal bacterium has unique anti-inflammatory properties, at least some of which have been attributed to its production of MAM, the Microbial Anti-inflammatory Molecule. Previous phylogenetic studies of strains have revealed the existence of various phylogroups. In this work, we address the question of whether MAMs from different phylogroups display distinct anti-inflammatory properties.
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- The study addresses the limitations of mouse models in replicating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its related heart dysfunction (HFpEF) by creating a hamster model that reflects these human conditions.
- Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a diet that allowed them to choose between regular chow and a high fat/high cholesterol diet to develop NASH and HFpEF over 10 to 20 weeks, followed by treatment with elafibranor.
- Results showed that the hamster model effectively mimicked human NASH and HFpEF, and treatment with elafibranor led to significant improvements in liver and heart health, making this model valuable for testing new drugs for these conditions.
Metabolism of tryptophan by the gut microbiota into derivatives that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) contributes to intestinal homeostasis. Many chronic inflammatory conditions, including celiac disease involving a loss of tolerance to dietary gluten, are influenced by cues from the gut microbiota. We investigated whether AhR ligand production by the gut microbiota could influence gluten immunopathology in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice expressing DQ8, a celiac disease susceptibility gene.
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