Differential Gene Expression and Transcriptomics Reveal High M-Gene Expression in JN.1 and KP.1/2 Omicron Sub-Variants of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Developing More Sensitive Diagnostic Tests.

SARS-CoV-2, a positive-strand RNA virus, utilizes both genomic replication and subgenomic mRNA transcription. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) from clinical samples can estimate viral gene expression levels. WGS was conducted on 529 SARS-CoV-2 positive clinical samples from Assam and northeastern India to track viral emergence and assess gene expression patterns.

Hydrophobic iron oxide nanoparticles: Controlled synthesis and phase transfer via flash nanoprecipitation.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) synthesized via thermal decomposition find diverse applications in biomedicine owing to precise control of their physico-chemical properties. However, use in such applications requires phase transfer from organic solvent to water, which remains a bottleneck. Through the thermal decomposition of iron oleate (FeOl), we systematically investigate the impact of synthesis conditions such as oleic acid (OA) amount, temperature increase rate, dwell time, and solvent on the size, magnetic saturation, and crystallinity of IONPs.

Sacral nerve stimulation leads to long-term improvement in fecal incontinence and quality of life for children with functional and organic defecation disorders.

Background: Our objective was to evaluate long-term outcomes of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for children with functional and organic defecation disorders.

Methods: We performed a prospective study of children <21 years of age who started SNS treatment between 2012 and 2018. We recorded demographics, medical history, and diagnostic testing.

Significance of retrograde flow with antegrade continence enemas in children with fecal incontinence and constipation.

Background: For children with constipation and fecal incontinence treated with antegrade continence enemas (ACE), a fluoroscopic study with contrast administered via appendicostomy/cecostomy can define the anatomy of the colon and simulate the flush to investigate associated symptoms or inadequate response. These studies can at times show retrograde flow into the small intestine. Our objective was to investigate the significance of this finding.

Early childhood-onset rumination syndrome is clinically distinct from adolescent-onset rumination syndrome.

Objectives: Rumination syndrome (RS) beginning in early childhood or infancy is understudied and challenging to treat. Our objective is to compare the characteristics and outcomes of early-onset (EO) and adolescent-onset (AO) patients with RS.

Methods: We conducted an ambidirectional cohort study of children diagnosed with RS at our institution.