p53: The Multifaceted Roles of Covalent Modifications in Cancer.

The p53 protein has attracted huge research interest over several decades due to its role as one of the most important tumor suppressors in mammals, which orchestrates a synchronous response from normal cells in the body to various forms of stress. The diverse cellular activities of the p53 protein are regulated mainly via its post-translational modifications (PTMs). PTMs affect p53 on several levels: at the level of the assembly of tetrameric complexes on DNA to transactivate its target genes, at the level of the assembly of tetrameric complexes on DNA to transactivate its target genes; at the level of proteolysis in the absence of stress; and on the contrary, at the level of augmented protein stability in response to stress signals.

Lipoxygenases at the Intersection of Infection and Carcinogenesis.

The persisting presence of opportunistic pathogens like poses a significant threat to many immunocompromised cancer patients with pulmonary infections. This review highlights the complexity of interactions in the host's defensive eicosanoid signaling network and its hijacking by pathogenic bacteria to their own advantage. Human lipoxygenases (ALOXs) and their mouse counterparts are integral elements of the innate immune system, mostly operating in the pro-inflammatory mode.

Oncogenic BRCA1,2 Mutations in the Human Lineage-A By-Product of Sexual Selection?

In this review, we discuss the long-known problem of tissue-specific carcinogenesis in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: while the genes are expressed ubiquitously, increased cancer risk is observed mostly in the breast and ovaries, and to a much lesser extent, in some other tissues such as the prostate or pancreas. We reevaluate hypotheses on the evolutionary origin of these mutations in humans. Also, we align together the reports that at least some great apes have much lower risks of epithelial cancers in general and breast cancer in particular with the fact that humans have more voluminous breast tissue as compared to their closest extant relatives, particularly chimpanzees and bonobos.

[Investigation of oncolytic potential of vaccine strains of yellow fever and tick-borne encephalitis viruses against glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines].

Introduction: Flaviviruses, possessing natural neurotropicity could be used in glioblastoma therapy using attenuated strains or as a delivery system for antitumor agents in an inactivated form.

Objective: To investigate the sensitivity of glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines to vaccine strains of yellow fever and tick-borne encephalitis viruses.

Materials And Methods: Cell lines: glioblastoma GL-6, T98G, LN-229, pancreatic carcinoma MIA RaCa-2 and human pancreatic ductal carcinoma PANC-1.

At the Crossroads of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING Pathway and the DNA Damage Response: Implications for Cancer Progression and Treatment.

The evolutionary conserved DNA-sensing cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway represents one of the most important cytosolic DNA-sensing systems that is activated in response to viral invasion and/or damage to the integrity of the nuclear envelope. The key outcome of this pathway is the production of interferon, which subsequently stimulates the transcription of hundreds of genes. In oncology, the situation is complex because this pathway may serve either anti- or pro-oncogenic roles, depending on context.