Thy1c Cytology Is a Reliable Method of Excluding Thyroid Cancer in Dominant Cystic Nodules.

Background: Traditional teaching dictated that patients with recurrent thyroid cysts undergo excision owing to a 12% risk malignancy. Ultrasound evaluation now determines management of these patients augmented by fine needle biopsy. In UK, a non-diagnostic category for thyroid cysts (Thy1c) exists, whereas the Bethesda system combines 'non-diagnostic-cyst fluid only' into Category I along with paucicellular and acellular results.

Brain mapping during resection of high-grade brain arteriovenous malformation.

Eloquent brain creates a challenge when resecting brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). Here the authors present their technique of using subcortical motor mapping as an adjunct to increase safety during resection of a high-grade bAVM involving somatosensory cortex as well as cortical spinal tracts and visual tracts. After a bilateral craniotomy, they use direct cortical stimulation of the left motor cortex and subcortical stimulation using a suction stimulator to dynamically map motor tracts during the resection.

Cancer Stem Cell Regulation as a Target of Therapeutic Intervention: Insights into Breast, Cervical and Lung Cancer.

Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) play an important role in the development, resistance, and recurrence of many malignancies. These subpopulations of tumor cells have the potential to self-renew, differentiate, and resist conventional therapy, highlighting their importance in cancer etiology. This review explores the regulatory mechanisms of CSCs in breast, cervical, and lung cancers, highlighting their plasticity, self-renewal, and differentiation capabilities.