Association of dietary factors and other coronary risk factors with social class in women in five Indian cities.

The association between social classes, food intake and coronary risk factors was determined. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 6-12 urban streets in each of five cities, each one from five different regions of India using similar methods of dietary intakes and criteria of diagnosis. We randomly selected 3257 women aged 25-64 years inclusive, from Moradabad (n = 902), Trivandrum (n = 760), Calcutta (n = 410), Nagpur (n = 405) and Bombay (n = 780).

Prevalence and determinants of central obesity and age-specific waist:hip ratio of people in five cities: the Indian Women's Health Study.

Objective: To study the prevalence of central obesity and age-specific waist:hip ratio of urban women from five Indian cities.

Design And Setting: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 6-12 urban streets in different parts of India using similar methods of sample selection and criteria of diagnosis.

Subjects And Methods: We randomly selected 3212 women, aged 25-64 years, from Moradabad (n = 902), Trivandrum (n = 760), Calcutta (n = 365), Nagpur (n = 405), and Bombay (n = 780).

Reliability and validity of utilization review criteria. Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol, Standardized Medreview Instrument, and Intensity-Severity-Discharge criteria.

A study was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (AEP), the Standardized Medreview Instrument (SMI) and the Intensity-Severity-Discharge criteria set (ISD), three utilization review instruments used to determine whether inpatient care is required. Reliability and validity were assessed for retrospective application of these instruments to charts of a sample of 119 medical cases from 21 hospitals in the state of Michigan. The reliability of each instrument was determined by having the instrument applied by two different nurse reviewers to each hospital record.

Efficiency gains in utilization review.

A study was conducted to determine which Major Diagnostic Categories (MDCs) accounted for most of the nonessential hospital admissions in 73 Michigan hospitals in 1986. The Intensity, Severity, Discharge-Appropriateness (ISD-A) criteria set was used to identify nonessential admissions. Large concentrations of nonessential admissions were found in medical, psychiatric, and substance abuse cases; surgical admissions had low rates of nonessential hospitalization.

Focused utilization review strategies.

Researchers from the Michigan Health Care Education and Research Foundation, a research affiliate of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Michigan, compared three focused utilization review (UR) strategies to determine which method most effectively and efficiently identifies nonacute inpatient hospital admissions. Intensity, Severity, Discharge-Appropriateness (ISD-A) criteria were used to identify nonacute admissions in 8,973 cases in 73 Michigan hospitals. Significant proportions of nonacute admissions were found in medical, psychiatric, and substance abuse cases; surgical admissions had the lowest rates.