Innovative multi-criteria risk assessment framework for unsanitary, closed landfills: Integrating the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process with a weighted geometric mean approach.

In the past, unsanitary landfills were a common method for municipal solid waste disposal in developing countries. Although many nations have closed these landfills, the environmental pollution risks and impacts persist. This study introduces a new multi-criteria risk assessment framework specifically designed for closed, unsanitary landfills.

Levofloxacin for the Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam.

Background: Prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global health priority. However, trials evaluating the effectiveness of treating infection among contacts of persons with drug-resistant tuberculosis are lacking.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing 6 months of daily levofloxacin (weight-based doses) with placebo to treat infection.

The radical scavenging activity of 1-methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide: theoretical insights into the mechanism, kinetics and solvent effects.

1,4-Dihydronicotinamide derivatives, including 1-methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (MNAH), are derivatives of the active center of nicotinamide coenzyme (NADH) and are therefore potent radical scavengers. MNAH serves as a useful model of NADH that allows for modeling studies to address the activity of this important biomolecule. In this work, MNAH activity was evaluated against typical free radicals using quantum chemical calculations in physiological environments, with a secondary aim of comparing activity against two physiologically relevant radicals of markedly different stability, HO˙, and HOO˙, to establish which of these is a better model for assessing antioxidant capacity in physiological environments.

Urine lipoarabinomannan concentrations among HIV-negative adults with pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis disease in Vietnam.

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a promising target biomarker for diagnosing subclinical and clinical tuberculosis (TB). Urine LAM (uLAM) testing using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been approved for people living with HIV (PLWH), however there is limited data regarding uLAM levels in HIV-negative (HIV-ve) adults with clinical TB. We conducted a clinical study of adults presenting with clinical TB-related symptoms at the National Lung Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam.