Publications by authors named "N B HAYNES"
T cell surface CTLA4 sequesters the costimulatory ligands CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to prevent autoimmunity. Therapeutic immunosuppression by recombinant CTLA4-immunoglobulin (Ig) fusion proteins, including abatacept, is also attributed to CD80/CD86 blockade. Recent studies show that CTLA4-Ig binding to APC surface cis-CD80:PD-L1 complexes can release the inhibitory ligand PD-L1, but whether this contributes to T cell inhibition remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetastasis, the spread of cancer from a primary site to distant organs, is an important challenge in oncology. This Review explores the complexities of immune escape mechanisms used throughout the metastatic cascade to promote tumor cell dissemination and affect organotropism. Specifically, we focus on adaptive plasticity of disseminated epithelial tumor cells to understand how they undergo phenotypic transitions to survive microenvironmental conditions encountered during metastasis.
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- The study investigates the cost-effectiveness of gradually reducing or discontinuing antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia patients, compared to continuing the standard treatment over two years.
- A total of 253 patients were divided into two groups: one group underwent gradual dose reduction and the other maintained their current medication, with no significant differences in overall costs found between the two approaches.
- The findings suggest that the gradual reduction strategy is not more effective or cost-effective, as patients in this group had a lower quality of life and were dominated by the maintenance group in terms of benefits.
Introduction: Men with advanced germ cell tumors (GCT) treated with chemotherapy are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Predictors of VTE may identify patients who would benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation.
Patients And Methods: Men with advanced GCT (Stage IS, II, III) treated with chemotherapy were identified at 2 centers.