Publications by authors named "N B Chirmule"
Speech disorders encompass a complex interplay of neuroanatomical, genetic, and environmental factors affecting individuals' communication ability. This review synthesizes current insights into the neuroanatomy, genetic underpinnings, and environmental influences contributing to speech disorders. Neuroanatomical structures, such as Broca's area, Wernicke's area, the arcuate fasciculus, and basal ganglia, along with their connectivity, play critical roles in speech production, comprehension, and motor coordination.
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- Organoids are 3D cell cultures that mimic the complexity of real organs and are derived from stem cells, offering a more accurate alternative for drug testing compared to traditional single-cell cultures.
- The review highlights various types of organoid systems and their ability to reveal cell interactions and functions, crucial for understanding drug responses.
- It also covers regulatory guidelines for organoid research by the FDA and EMA, showcasing their applications in diverse fields such as cancer research, infectious diseases, and drug development efficiency.
Current status and future prospective of breast cancer immunotherapy.
Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol
May 2024
The immune system is complicated, interconnected, and offers a powerful defense system that protects its host from foreign pathogens. Immunotherapy involves boosting the immune system to kill cancer cells, and nowadays, is a major emerging treatment for cancer. With the advances in our understanding of the immunology of cancer, there has been an explosion of studies to develop and evaluate therapies that engage the immune system in the fight against cancer.
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- Rare diseases, or orphan diseases, are rare conditions with limited occurrence, making the development of treatments (orphan drugs) difficult due to scarce resources and challenges in clinical trials.
- Advances in genomic technologies and regulatory frameworks have led to some successful orphan drug approvals, particularly in the U.S., which has improved the landscape for these drugs.
- In India, despite recent policy changes that aim to improve the rare disease ecosystem, there is still a lack of clear guidelines for orphan drug development, necessitating collaboration among government, industries, and patient advocates to enhance the process.
Article Synopsis
- Rare diseases (RDs) are conditions that affect a small number of people, and in India, they often go undiagnosed due to a focus on more common health issues.
- A survey was conducted to evaluate healthcare professionals' and researchers' awareness of RDs, examining factors like diagnosis time, treatment options, and the impact of family history and geographic location.
- Findings revealed that a significant portion of respondents (31% of researchers and 29% of healthcare professionals) were unaware of the time needed to diagnose RDs, highlighting the need for increased awareness and better policy recommendations to address these diseases.