Disorders of Volume: Core Curriculum 2025.

Historically, the paradigm for all maladies was associated with an imbalance of the 4 humors: blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm. Although our understanding of disease has evolved significantly since the time of Hippocrates, a similar cornerstone of inpatient and ambulatory care involves understanding and correcting imbalances of volume. The kidneys are the principal organs controlling extracellular volume, capable of both sensing and altering salt retention through multiple redundant pathways, including the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Uncovering genetic signatures of the Walser migration in the Alps: Patterns of diversity and differentiation.

Since leaving Africa, human populations have gone through a series of range expansions. While the genomic signatures of these expansions are well detectable on a continental scale, the genomic consequences of small-scale expansions over shorter time spans are more challenging to disentangle. The medieval migration of the Walser people from their homeland in ssouthern Switzerland (Upper Valais) into other regions of the Alps is a good example of such a comparatively recent geographic and demographic expansion in humans.

A Self-Adjuvanting Large Pore 2D Covalent Organic Framework as a Vaccine Platform.

Vaccines are one of the greatest human achievements in public health, as they help prevent the spread of diseases, reduce illness and death rates, saving thousands of lives with few side effects. Traditional vaccine development is centered around using live attenuated or inactivated pathogens, which is expensive and has resulted in vaccine-associated illnesses. Advancements have led to the development of safer subunit vaccines, which contain recombinant proteins isolated from pathogens.

Resident and supervisor perceptions of gaining obstetrical competency in Family Medicine: a qualitative descriptive study.

Introduction: Canadian Family Medicine (FM) residents, upon graduation, are disinclined to provide intrapartum care. The FM resident experience with obstetrical training has not been studied in over a decade while the FM landscape has changed. This study explored the FM resident experience in working towards their obstetrical competencies as one of the chief influences on their career decision to provide intrapartum care or not.