An In Silico Study of Transforming Growth Factor-β Inhibitors: A Potential Target for Diabetic Nephropathy Treatment with Active Compounds from the Active Fraction of Physalis angulata.

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) initiates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tubular and glomerular epithelial cells, resulting in excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix through its interaction with TGF-β receptors, which play a crucial role in TGF-β signaling involving two receptor types, namely TGF-β type I (TβRI) and type II (TβRII). EMT contributes to the pathogenesis of interstitial renal fibrosis, a marker of end-stage kidney disease. This study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds in the active fraction of and evaluate their ability to inhibit the TGF-β activity and their potential as drug candidates.

Chlorogenic acid ameliorates memory dysfunction via attenuating frontal lobe oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic rat model.

Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia, causes various complications, one of which is memory dysfunction. The frontal lobe is known to be responsible for impaired memory function due to hyperglycemia and is associated with oxidative stress-mediated neuronal cell apoptosis. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is reported to have neuroprotective effects.

Calcitriol attenuates inflammatory response in the lung of diabetes mellitus rat model.

Introduction: Inflammation caused by diabetes can damage multiple organs, including the lungs. Vitamin D (VD) has been shown to potentially reduce inflammation and boost the immune system. VD might play a role in diabetes' inflammatory response.

Vitamin D ameliorates memory function in association with reducing senescence and upregulating neurotrophin mRNA expression in transient global cerebral ischemic injury model in rats.

Introduction: Ischaemic stroke induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation and senescence and the decrease of cognitive function. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that has a neuroprotective effect to repair the function of the nervous system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of vitamin D on memory function, p16, p21 (senescence), and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA expression on the hippocampus after transient global cerebral ischemic.

Vitamin D treatment ameliorates memory function through downregulation of BAX and upregulation of SOD2 mRNA expression in transient global brain ischaemic injury in rats.

Introduction: Ischaemic stroke induces oxidative stress with SOD2 downregulation, and BAX upregulation producing apoptosis. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble hormone that has a neuroprotective effect. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of vitamin D in memory function, oxidative stress and apoptosis in transient global brain schaemic injury (TGBII) model.