Considerations for Low Phospholipid-Associated Cholelithiasis (LPAC) Syndrome: Report of Three Cases.

Low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) syndrome is a rare underdiagnosed genetic feature presenting less than 1% of symptomatic cholelithiasis, with variable clinical forms ranging from simple to complications. Diagnosis criteria are recurrent biliary symptomatology occurring in young patients (<40 years old) and/or recurrence after cholecystectomy and/or having a history of biliary gallstones in first-degree relatives and characteristic ultrasound findings. Early detection of this entity, due to the awareness of gastroenterologists, radiologists, and visceral surgeons, will allow an improvement in the quality of life of patients and the prevention of complications.

Organ preservation strategy: new therapeutic alternative in rectal cancer.

Background: The therapeutic modalities for nonmetastatic rectal cancer are presently undergoing major changes. The standard treatment is multidisciplinary, combining radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. The aim of this minireview is to provide an update on the place of organ preservation in the treatment of nonmetastatic rectal cancer in 2022.

What would be the impact of COVID-19 on liver function of a patient with chronic hepatitis B? About a case and literature review.

Liver damage during COVID-19 disease has been described in numerous studies. Its mechanism is poorly understood. It is mainly reserved for severe forms and is manifested by abnormalities of the hepatic assessment and more particularly cytolysis.

[Primitive Budd-Chiari syndrome: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge].

Primary Budd-Chiari syndrome is an hepatopathy characterized by obstruction of the hepatic venous flow in the vascular space between the hepatic venules and the junction between the inferior vena cava and the right atrium, thus excluding the causes of upstream (sinusoidal obstruction syndrome) and downstream (cardiac causes). This endoluminal venous obstruction is mainly due to thrombosis or its fibrotic consequences. This is a rare disease, mainly affecting young adults.

[IgG4-related disease: about 3 cases].

IgG4-Related disease (IgG4-RD), formerly known as IgG4-related autoimmune polyexocrinopathy, is a new condition including Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). It can affect different organs (central nervous system, salivary glands, thyroid, lungs, pancreas, bile ducts, liver, digestive tract, kidneys, prostate, etc.) with symptoms depending on the organ that is affected.