Publications by authors named "N Aptsiauri"
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I molecules (or Human Leucocyte Antigen class-I) play a key role in adaptive immunity against cancer. They present specific tumor neoantigens to cytotoxic T cells and provoke an antitumor cytotoxic response. The total or partial loss of HLA molecules can inhibit the immune system's ability to detect and destroy cancer cells.
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- The study investigates the effectiveness of perioperative chemoimmunotherapy (ChIO) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), focusing on the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression and loss of heterozygosity (LOH).
- It involved 24 NSCLC patients, assessing their HLA status and integrating molecular data and clinical outcomes to understand how tumors with HLA class I defects respond to ChIO.
- Results showed that both HLA-deficient and proficient tumors had similar rates of complete pathological response and survival, with strong immune responses observed in HLA-deficient tumors after treatment.
The Challenges of HLA Class I Loss in Cancer Immunotherapy: Facts and Hopes.
Clin Cancer Res
December 2022
HLA class I molecules are key in tumor recognition and T cell-mediated elimination. Loss of tumor HLA class I expression with different underlying molecular defects results in reduced antigen presentation and facilitates cancer immune evasion. It is also linked to significant changes in tumor microenvironment and tissue architecture.
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- Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with challenges in treatment response due to cancer's ability to evade the immune system.
- Understanding how cancer avoids immune detection is crucial for improving the success of immunotherapy.
- Nanomedicine offers a promising approach to boost immunotherapy effectiveness by improving how drugs are delivered to tumors and enhancing immune response against cancer.
Total or partial loss of class I antigens reduce the recognition of specific tumor peptides by cytotoxic T lymphocytes favoring cancer immune escape during natural tumor evolution. These alterations can be caused by genomic defects, such as loss of heterozygosity at chromosomes 6 and 15 (LOH-6 and LOH-15), where class I genes are located. There is growing evidence indicating that LOH in contributes to the immune selection of loss variants and influences the resistance to immunotherapy.
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