Tobacco taxes can save the next generation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Background: Tobacco use remains a significant challenge to public health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), particularly among adolescents, despite various control measures implemented by countries.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco taxation policies in reducing consumption among adolescents in the EMR and identify optimal tax structures and enforcement strategies.

Methods: We analysed data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey and the Global Tobacco Control Report up to 2023 to assess prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents, access to tobacco products, and types of taxes imposed by EMR countries.

Modification of PAN electrospun nanofiber membranes with g-CN nanotubes/carbon dots to enhance MBR performance.

This study is dedicated to the enhancement of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membranes for their application in membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes. The improvement is achieved through the incorporation of graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes/carbon dots (g-CN NT/CDs) and subsequent heat post-treatments at varying temperatures. Notably, the hot-pressing methodology effectively mitigates surface roughness and significantly reduces issues related to peeling during nanofiber experimentation.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and microbiome profile of patients in a referral gastrointestinal diseases centre in the Sudan.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease in animals with zoonotic potential; it has been linked to many chronic diseases in humans, especially gastrointestinal diseases (GID). MAP has been extensively studied in Europe and America, but little reports were published from Africa.

Unconventional tools for the study of the flow properties of concrete equivalent mortar based on recycled concrete aggregates.

The self-compacting concrete (SCC) mix design is much more complex than that of ordinary concrete. Increased testing on fresh concrete and a substantial volume of materials is consequently needed. The concrete equivalent mortar (CEM) method proposes an approach that simplifies and speeds up the experimental testing programmes.