Maximum entropy in dynamic complex networks.

The field of complex networks studies a wide variety of interacting systems by representing them as networks. To understand their properties and mutual relations, the randomization of network connections is a commonly used tool. However, information-theoretic randomization methods with well-established foundations mostly provide a stationary description of these systems, while stochastic randomization methods that account for their dynamic nature lack such general foundations and require extensive repetition of the stochastic process to measure statistical properties.

Complex Networks and Interacting Particle Systems.

Complex networks is a growing discipline aimed at understanding large interacting systems. One of its goals is to establish a relation between the interactions of a system and the networks structure that emerges. Taking a Lennard-Jones particle system as an example, we show that when interactions are governed by a potential, the notion of structure given by the physical arrangement of the interacting particles can be interpreted as a binary approximation to the interaction potential.

Accounting for Potential Unmeasured Confounding in the Association between Influenza vaccination and COVID-19 Hospitalization: Sensitivity Analysis Using E-value Method.

Background: Unmeasured confounding is the primary obstacle to causal inference in observational research. We aimed to illuminate the association between exposure to influenza vaccination (IV) within six months before contracting the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and COVID-19 hospitalization in relation to unmeasured confounding using the E-value method.

Materials And Methods: Information about 367 patients, 103 of whom (28.

Novel Genomic Variants, Atypical Phenotypes and Evidence of a Digenic/Oligogenic Contribution to Disorders/Differences of Sex Development in a Large North African Cohort.

In a majority of individuals with disorders/differences of sex development (DSD) a genetic etiology is often elusive. However, new genes causing DSD are routinely reported and using the unbiased genomic approaches, such as whole exome sequencing (WES) should result in an increased diagnostic yield. Here, we performed WES on a large cohort of 125 individuals all of Algerian origin, who presented with a wide range of DSD phenotypes.

and gene mutation in Algerian children and adolescents with DSD and testicular dysgenesis.

Background: In humans, sex determination and differentiation is genetically controlled. Disorders of sex development (DSD) result in anomalies of the development of the external and internal genitalia. Variants in transcription factors such as SRY, NR5A1 and SOX9, can cause changes in gonadal development often associated with ambiguity of the external genitalia.