Using Propensity Score Weighting to Enhance the Operating Characteristics of Power Prior in Leveraging External Data to Augment a Traditional Clinical Study.

The method of power prior has long been used as a tool for leveraging external data to augment a traditional clinical study. More recently, it has been found that integrating propensity scoring into its application has the potential for improved operating characteristics. In this paper, we introduce a new propensity score-integrated power prior strategy which uses propensity score weighting and is distinctive from other such proposals in the literature.

Readmission of patients with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common cause of acute hospital admissions in digestive system diseases. In East Asia, hypertriglyceridemia is gradually emerged as the second most common cause of pancreatitis. Vigilance for recurrence and unplanned readmissions due to other causes is still necessary after discharge.

Efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific) in combination with chemotherapy in anti-PD-1-resistant recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4 bispecific antibody) plus TPC chemotherapy (NAB-paclitaxel, cisplatin or lobaplatin, and capecitabine) in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC) who failed to PD-1 inhibitor-containing regimens.

Methods: In this single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study, RM-NPC patients who failed to at least one line of systemic chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were enrolled and received cadonilimab plus TPC chemotherapy every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles, followed by cadonilimab plus capecitabine every 3 weeks for a maximum of 2 years. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR).

The Evolution of Global Surface Ammonia Concentrations during 2001-2019: Magnitudes, Patterns, and Drivers.

Ammonia (NH) is the most prevalent alkaline gas in the atmosphere, with its elevated concentrations posing significant adverse impacts on air quality, ecosystems, and human health across diverse spatial and temporal scales. Given the ongoing global change and intensified anthropogenic NH emissions, it is projected that the global surface NH concentration will escalate further. Here, based on ground observations, gridded data of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer applications, meteorological data, and ancillary information, we estimated changes in global monthly surface NH concentration during 2001-2019 at a 0.

Improved Modeling of Vegetation Phenology Using Soil Enthalpy.

Many vegetation phenological models predominantly rely on temperature, overlooking the critical roles of water availability and soil characteristics. This limitation significantly impacts the accuracy of phenological projections, particularly in water-limited ecosystems. We proposed a new approach incorporating soil enthalpy-a comprehensive metric integrating soil moisture, temperature, and texture-to improve phenological modeling.