Publications by authors named "N A Lorr"

Monitoring of student learning through systematic formative assessment is important for adjusting pedagogical strategies. However, traditional formative assessments, such as quizzes and written assignments, may not be sufficiently timely for making adjustments to a learning process. Technology supported formative assessment tools assess student knowledge, allow for immediate feedback, facilitate classroom dialogues, and have the potential to modify student learning strategies.

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P4501A can be detected in thymic and bursal microsomes from chickens pretreated with 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) using a polyclonal antibody against purified P4501A from 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-induced chicken embryo liver. A dose-response for induction by TCB of P4501A protein was detected by Western blotting in both bursal and thymic microsomes. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), a specific catalytic activity of P4501A, was also induced in a dose-response fashion.

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The level of expression of the cytochrome P450 system in an immune tissue could influence the sensitivity of that immune tissue to damage by xenobiotics. The capacity of immune organs and their cellular components for P450I-catalyzed metabolism was assayed in the 4-week-old chicken using the P450I-specific ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay and the P450I-inducer, 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB). After induction by TCB, EROD was detectable in microsomes from whole thymus, bursa and in peritoneal exudate cells (containing primarily macrophages) at levels of 28.

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Several diagnostic catalytic assays were used to determine whether organ-specific metabolic activation or detoxification of cyclophosphamide (CP) contributes to the selective toxicity of CP directed towards differentiating B cells as compared to T cells in the developing chicken. An assay for the alkylation of 4-[p-nitrobenzyl] pyridine (NBP) was used to assess comparative levels of CP activation products generated from microsomal preparations from liver, bursa of Fabricius (B cells), and thymus (T cells) of day-old chicks. Three catalytic assays were used to characterize and compare cytochrome P450-associated enzyme activities in neonatal hepatic and lymphoid tissues.

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Of four monoclonal antibodies to purified rat liver cytochrome P450s, including those from 3-methylcholanthrene-, phenobarbital-, ethanol-, and pregnenolone-16-alpha-carbonitrile-treated rats, only the monoclonal antibody against pregnenolone-16-alpha-carbonitrile-inducible P450 immunodetected proteins in chicken liver microsomes after blotting from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. This protein migrated identically with the pregnenolone-16-alpha-carbonitrile-inducible P450 detected in microsomes from dexamethasone-treated rats. It was most predominant in liver microsomes from chickens at 1 day posthatching, whereas much lower levels were observed in the embryo and at 36 days posthatch.

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