Pathobiochemistry of Aging and Neurodegeneration: Deregulation of NAD+ Metabolism in Brain Cells.

NAD+ plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism and adaptation to external stimuli and stressful conditions. A significant reduction in intracellular NAD+ levels is associated with aging and contributes to the development of chronic cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases. It is of particular importance to maintain optimal levels of NAD+ in cells with high energy consumption, particularly in the brain.

Novel Approaches to the Establishment of Local Microenvironment from Resorbable Biomaterials in the Brain In Vitro Models.

The development of brain in vitro models requires the application of novel biocompatible materials and biopolymers as scaffolds for controllable and effective cell growth and functioning. The "ideal" brain in vitro model should demonstrate the principal features of brain plasticity like synaptic transmission and remodeling, neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and changes in the metabolism associated with the establishment of new intercellular connections. Therefore, the extracellular scaffolds that are helpful in the establishment and maintenance of local microenvironments supporting brain plasticity mechanisms are of critical importance.

Hematosalivarian barrier: structure, functions, study methods (review of literature).

The human body consists of various systems (blood, tissues, extracellular fluid, intracellular contents) separated by biological membranes. Physiological barriers ensure the physico-chemical composition of the internal environment remains constant and protects the body from environmental changes. The permeability of the histohematic barrier depends on the concentration of substances in the blood, the body's condition, external influences, and a number of other reasons caused by stimuli coming from the external or internal environment.

Molecular profile of oral fluid in new coronavirus infection.

Oral fluid is an alternative biological material that confirms correlations with blood parameters in various pathological conditions of the body. In order to find a non-invasive approach to stratification of patients with COVID-19 disease, molecular biomarkers of the oral fluid have been determined in patients with moderate coronavirus infection in comparison with clinically healthy individuals. It has been shown that proteomic, carbohydrate, macro- and microelement profiles of the oral fluid in coronavirus infection can be used for diagnostics.

[Blood group and human diseases (review of literature).].

AB0 blood group antigens were discovered over a century ago; however, it is still important to study their role in development of various pathological conditions. Today it is known that antigenic determinants of this blood group are present not only on erythrocyte membrane but also on other cells and tissues: platelets, gastrointestinal epithelium and salivary glands, respiratory system cells. In the last decade, a large number of studies have appeared to reveal the relationship between a specific disease and blood group type, meta-analyses have been published.